Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra-Early Maize for Sub-Saharan Africa

Badu‐Apraku, B.; Fakorede, M. A. B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64852-1

Cited by 82 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…This finding is not surprising because the sources of resistance of the extra-early white inbred lines used for the development of the extra-early white mapping population were the same as those used for the development of the early white inbred lines employed for the GWAS study. Contrarily, the sources of resistance of the extra-early yellow inbred lines used for the development of the extra-early yellow F 2:3 mapping population were different from those used for the development of the extra-early white mapping population [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inbred line TZEEI 29 is Striga resistant/tolerant while TZEEI 23 is highly susceptible to Striga parasitism. The two parental lines were selected from the results of previous studies conducted under Striga -infested environments [ 40 ]. The Striga -susceptible extra-early maize inbred line—TZEEI 23 (TZEE-W SR BC 5 x 1368 STR S 7 Inb.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extra-early (80–85 days to physiological maturity) maturing inbred line TZEEI 29 developed in the IITA-MIP combines Striga hermonthica resistance/tolerance with tolerance to low soil N and drought [ 40 ]. The inbred line is also an outstanding tester characterized by significant and positive general combining ability (GCA) effects for grain yield under Striga infestation, low N and drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of QTLs for grain yield and other traits in tropical maize under Striga infestation

et al. 2020

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Striga is an important biotic factor limiting maize production in sub-Saharan Africa and can cause yield losses as high as 100%. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) approaches hold a great potential for improving Striga resistance but requires identification and use of markers associated with Striga resistance for adequate genetic gains from selection. However, there is no report on the discovery of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Striga in maize under artificial field infestation. In the present study, 198 BC 1 S 1 families obtained from a cross involving TZEEI 29 ( Striga resistant inbred line) and TZEEI 23 ( Striga susceptible inbred line) plus the two parental lines were screened under artificial Striga- infested conditions at two Striga -endemic locations in Nigeria in 2018, to identify QTL associated with Striga resistance indicator traits, including grain yield, ears per plant, Striga damage and number of emerged Striga plants. Genetic map was constructed using 1,386 DArTseq markers distributed across the 10 maize chromosomes, covering 2076 cM of the total genome with a mean spacing of 0.11 cM between the markers. Using composite interval mapping (CIM), fourteen QTL were identified for key Striga resistance/tolerance indicator traits: 3 QTL for grain yield, 4 for ears per plant and 7 for Striga damage at 10 weeks after planting (WAP), across environments. Putative candidate genes which encode major transcription factor families WRKY, bHLH, AP2-EREBPs, MYB, and bZIP involved in plant defense signaling were detected for Striga resistance/tolerance indicator traits. The QTL detected in the present study would be useful for rapid transfer of Striga resistance/tolerance genes into Striga susceptible but high yielding maize genotypes using MAS approaches after validation. Further studies on validation of the QTL in different genetic backgrounds and in different environments would help verify their reproducibility and effective use in breeding for Striga resistance/tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of QTLs for grain yield and other traits in tropical maize under Striga infestation

et al. 2020

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“…The package "PerformanceAnalytics" in the R software [27] was used to compute the correlation coefficients between grain yield and other characters of the maize hybrids under Striga infestation and Striga-free test environments. The early maturing maize hybrids were characterized as either resistant or susceptible to Striga using a selection index that involved grain yield, ears per plant, Striga damage, and number of emerged Striga plants [14]. The means of the hybrids adjusted for block effects were standardized (using 1 and 0 as standard deviation and mean, respectively) to reduce the effects of varying scales.…”

Section: Analysis Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The germplasm exploited were obtained from a wide range of sources, selected following extensive testing for many years in multiple locations in WCA. These included introduced resistant germplasm from the temperate region, selected resistant African landraces, local and exotic germplasm, and backcross progenies derived from crosses involving the wild maize, Zea diploperennis [14]. Using existing germplasm and methods such as inbreeding, hybridization, and recurrent selection, the IITA-MIP during the last three to four decades developed numerous early maturing inbred lines, high-yielding open-pollinated populations, and hybrids possessing Striga resistance alleles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gains in Genetic Enhancement of Early Maturing Maize Hybrids Developed during Three Breeding Periods under Striga-Infested and Striga-Free Environments

Badu‐Apraku

Adu

Yacoubou³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Striga hermonthica is a major maize production constraint in West and Central Africa (WCA). Fifty-four early maturing maize hybrids of three breeding periods: 2008–2011, 2012–2013, 2014–2015, were evaluated under Striga-infested and non-infested environments in WCA. The study aimed at assessing genetic improvement in grain yield of the hybrids, identifying traits associated with yield gain during the breeding periods, and grain yield and stability of the hybrids in Striga infested and non-infested environments. Annual increase in grain yield of 101 kg ha−1 (4.82 %) and 61 kg ha−1 (1.24%) were recorded in Striga-infested and non-infested environments, respectively. The gains in grain yield from period 1 to period 3 under Striga-infested environments were associated with reduced anthesis-silking interval, reduced Striga damage, number of emerged Striga plants, improved ear aspect, and increased ears per plant. Ear aspect, ears per plant, and Striga damage at 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP) were significantly correlated with yield in Striga-infested environments, whereas ears per plant and plant and ear aspects had significant correlations with yield in non-infested environments. Hybrids TZdEI 352 × TZEI 355, TZdEI 378 × TZdEI 173, and TZdEI 173 × TZdEI 352 were outstanding in grain yield and stability in Striga-infested environments, whereas TZEI 326 × TZdEI 352, TZEI 495 × ENT 13, and TZdEI 268 × TZdEI 131 were superior in non-stress environments. These hybrids should be further tested extensively and commercialized. Significant genetic gains have been made in breeding for resistance to Striga hermonthica in early maturing maize hybrids.

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Combining ability and heterotic grouping of turcicum‐resistant early‐maturing maize inbreds

et al. 2021

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Maize (Zea mays L.), an important source of calories and nutrients in sub‐Saharan Africa, is threatened by northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum. This study examined combining ability and heterotic patterns of early‐maturing maize inbreds, gene action conditioning NCLB resistance, and performance of derived hybrids across environments and identified testers. Fifteen each of white and yellow inbreds were intercrossed using North Carolina Design II to obtain 75 hybrids per endosperm color. Hybrids plus six checks were inoculated with a virulent isolate of E. turcicum 4 wk after planting in six inoculated and three non‐inoculated environments in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Inbreds were assigned to heterotic groups using general combining ability (GCA) of multiple traits method. Specific combining ability (SCA), GCA, and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions were significant for grain yield (GYLD), disease severity, and other traits. Northern corn leaf blight caused 46% GYLD reduction. The effects of GCA were preponderant over SCA for GYLD and NCLB severity across environments, indicating that hybridization and recurrent selection would enhance genetic gains and hybrid performance. White and yellow inbreds were placed in two and three heterotic groups, respectively. High‐yielding NCLB‐resistant testers identified could be used to classify other inbreds yet to be field‐tested into heterotic groups. Genotypes TZEI 32 × TZEI 5 and TZEI 124 × TZEI 134 were identified as single‐cross testers. Genotypes TZEI 32 × TZEI 5 and TZEI 5 × TZEI 75 (white) and TZEI 124 × TZEI 134 and TZEI 124 × TZEI 11 (yellow) were identified for on‐farm testing and possible commercialization.

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Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra-Early Maize for Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of QTLs for grain yield and other traits in tropical maize under Striga infestation

Identification of QTLs for grain yield and other traits in tropical maize under Striga infestation

Gains in Genetic Enhancement of Early Maturing Maize Hybrids Developed during Three Breeding Periods under Striga-Infested and Striga-Free Environments

Combining ability and heterotic grouping of turcicum‐resistant early‐maturing maize inbreds

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