Advances in Gut Microbiota of Viral Hepatitis Cirrhosis

Wang, Yixuan; Pan, Calvin Q.; Xing, Huichun

doi:10.1155/2019/9726786

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…TLR3 also plays a pivotal role in liver brosis. The gut microbiota can stimulate liver immunity, effectively helping in the immune response to a hepatitis virus [29]. Studies have indicated a relationship between microbial composition and chronic liver disease or cirrhosis [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of Toll-like receptors 1 and 3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis

Liu¹,

Ciou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmune diseases with some overlapping clinical manifestations. SLE is characterized by systemic inflammation with vasculitis and multiple organ damage, whereas SSc manifests as low-grade inflammation with vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the expression of TLR genes in SLE and SSc to determine their roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases.Methods: Patients with SLE (n = 15) and SSc (n = 9) were recruited from a hospital in Taiwan from 2016 to 2017. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of the patients for next-generation sequencing (NGS). Then, We identified differentially expressed genes and associated pathways to explore the association of TLRs with SLE and SSc pathogenesis. Several housekeeping genes, including ACTB, GAPDH, PGK1, PPIB, SDHA, and TBP, were used to normalize the expression levels of the TLR genes.Results: GAPDH, PGK1, PPIB and SDHA are significantly different (p < 0.05) in patients of SLE and SSc. The expression levels of TLR1 (p = 0.018) and TLR3 (p = 0.031) were significantly upregulated in the patients with SSc compared with those with SLE, normalized by GAPDH.Conclusions: TLR1 and TLR3 can serve as biomarkers to distinguish the gene expression between SLE and SSc, normalized with housekeeping genes such as ACTB, GADPH and TBP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of Toll-like receptors 1 and 3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis

Liu¹,

Ciou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…These inherent characteristics could be applied in vaccine development. Furthermore, the adjuvanticity of probiotics [ 109 , 135 , 181 ] could be applied in vaccine development of SARS-CoV2 [ 89 ]. Above all, the efficiency of nasal immunizations with some recombinant LAB particularly over respiratory pathogens such as tuberculosis, coronavirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus has been reported [ 182 – 186 ].…”

Section: Probiotics the Best Alternative As Mucosal Vaccine Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mucosal Immunity and Recombinant Probiotics in SARS-CoV2 Vaccine Development

Moradi‐Kalbolandi

Majidzadeh-A

Abdolvahab

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), causing the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was introduced by WHO (World Health Organization) as “pandemic” in March 2020. According to WHO, thus far (23 November 2020) 58,425,681 infected cases including 1,385,218 deaths have been reported worldwide. In order to reduce transmission and spread of this lethal virus, attempts are globally being made to develop an appropriate vaccine. Intending to neutralize pathogens at their initial entrance site, protective mucosal immunity is inevitably required. In SARS-CoV2 infection and transmission, respiratory mucosa plays a key role; hence, apparently mucosal vaccination could be a superior approach to elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses simultaneously. In this review, the advantages of mucosal vaccination to control COVID-19 infection, limitations, and outcomes of mucosal vaccines have been highlighted. Considering the gut microbiota dysregulation in COVID-19, we further provide evidences on utilization of recombinant probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as vaccine carrier. Their intrinsic immunomodulatory features, natural adjuvanticity, and feasible expression of relevant antigen in the mucosal surface make them more appealing as live cell factory. Among all available platforms, bioengineered probiotics are considered as the most affordable, most practical, and safest vaccination approach to halt this emerging virus.

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“…Although the shift and function of gut microbiota in response to viral pathogens remains poorly studied, the literature available for the moment indicates marked changes in gut microbiota composition in association with immune activation and chronic inflammation, as is the case for HIV ( 9 ), hepatitis B virus ( 228 ), HCV ( 107 ), and rotavirus ( 73 ). Consequently, the viral replication is accompanied by defects in epithelial barrier integrity and immune homeostasis, leading to microbial translocation that, in turn, contributes to immune activation, inflammation, and disease progression.…”

Section: Polyphenols and Modification Of Respiratory And Intestinal Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

Lévy

Delvin

Marcil

et al. 2020

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Much more serious than the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks, the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread speedily, affecting 213 countries and causing ~17,300,000 million cases and ~672,000 (~+1500/day) deaths globally (as of July 31th, 2020). The potentially fatal COVID-19, caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, gastrointestinal, hematological, nervous and renal systems. The dramatic scale of disorders and complications arise from the inadequacy of current treatments, absence of a vaccine and specific anti-COVID-19 drugs to suppress viral replication, inflammation and additional pathogenic conditions. This highlights the importance of understanding the SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of actions, and the urgent need of prospecting for new or alternative treatment options. The main objective of the present review is to discuss the challenging issue relative to the clinical utility of plants-derived polyphenols in fighting viral infections. Not only is the strong capacity of polyphenols highlighted in magnifying health benefits, but also the underlying mechanisms are stressed. Finally, emphasis is placed on the potential ability of polyphenols to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection via the regulation of its molecular targets of human cellular binding and replication, as well as through the resulting host inflammation, oxidative stress and signalling pathways.

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Advances in Gut Microbiota of Viral Hepatitis Cirrhosis

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

Differential expression of Toll-like receptors 1 and 3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis

Differential expression of Toll-like receptors 1 and 3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis

The Role of Mucosal Immunity and Recombinant Probiotics in SARS-CoV2 Vaccine Development

Can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

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