Advances in hepatitis immunization (A, B, E)

Hendrickx, Greet; Vorsters, Alex; Damme, Pierre Van

doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e328357e65c

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, VLP vaccines for hepatitis C virus (38), influenza virus (reviewed in references 39 and 40), and HIV-1 (reviewed in reference 41) are being developed and tested in preclinical trials. Furthermore, VLP vaccine formulations for hepatitis B virus (42) and human papillomavirus (43) have been licensed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Metapneumovirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Protective B and T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model

Cox

Erickson

Hastings

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, children, and the elderly worldwide, yet no licensed vaccines exist. Live-attenuated vaccines present safety challenges, and protein subunit vaccines induce primarily antibody responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an attractive alternative vaccine approach because of reduced safety concerns compared with live vaccines. We generated HMPV VLPs by expressing viral proteins in suspension-adapted human embryonic kidney epithelial (293-F) cells and found that the viral matrix (M) and fusion (F) proteins were sufficient to form VLPs. We previously reported that the VLPs resemble virus morphology and incorporate fusion-competent F protein (R. H uman metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection worldwide, with high prevalence in pediatric, elderly, and immunocompromised patients (1-12). There are no licensed vaccines against HMPV. Several strategies to develop live-attenuated HMPV vaccines have been explored, including cold passage, gene deletion, and chimeric viruses (13-17). While live-virus vaccines elicit humoral and cellular responses, they also pose safety risks. Attenuated virus strains have the potential to revert to a wild-type phenotype and cause disease or be transmitted to nonimmune individuals. For these reasons, live attenuated vaccines are often contraindicated for immunocompromised patients, individuals who are at risk for severe HMPV infections. Moreover, it is often difficult to find the correct balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. Many years of research on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) live attenuated vaccines attest to the challenges (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).GSubunit protein vaccines against HMPV targeting mainly the fusion (F) protein have been effective in rodent models by inducing B cell responses only (23,24). Experience with formalin-inactivated (FI) RSV and HMPV vaccines in humans and animals further raises concern about imbalanced immunity (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Studies demonstrate that the generation of antibodies to a denatured F protein or low-affinity nonneutralizing antibodies is associated with enhanced respiratory disease (31-36). Thus, a safe and effective vaccine should induce both potent neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T cell responses.A vaccination strategy combining elements of both live virus and subunit vaccines is virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are formed by the self-assembly of viral structural proteins but lack

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Metapneumovirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Protective B and T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model

Cox

Erickson

Hastings

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…South Korea implemented full vaccination coverage about 25 yr ago ( 3 ). Its efficacy and cost-effectiveness in low-income-countries was proven by a vast amount of research studies ( 18 ). The implementation of our vaccination campaign was rather a logistic problem, taking into special account the recurrent political tensions in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, these special circumstances limit the transferability of our strategy to other low-income countries. Hepatitis B vaccinations are clearly advisable ( 18 ), however the high vaccination rate in a broad program with millions of children is unlikely to be achieved because of organizational deficits. Also, technical problems with the gastroscopes might be more difficult to solve in low-income countries with a cultural behavior of distance to medical technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Hepatitis B in North Korea: Feasibility of a Bi-modal Prevention Strategy

Unnewehr

Stich

2015

J Korean Med Sci

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In North Korea, the prevalence of hepatitis B is high due to natural factors, gaps in vaccination, and the lack of antiviral treatment. Aid projects are urgently needed, however impeded by North Korea's political and economical situation and isolation. The feasibility of a joint North Korean and German humanitarian hepatitis B prevention program was assessed. Part 1: Hepatitis B vaccination catch-up campaign. Part 2: Implementation of endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices (EVL) by trainings in Germany and North Korea. By vaccinating 7 million children between 2010 and 2012, the hepatitis B vaccination gap was closed. Coverage of 99.23% was reached. A total of 11 hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis patients (mean age 41.1 yr) with severe esophageal varices and previous bleedings were successfully treated by EVL without major complications. A clinical standard operating procedure, a feedback system and a follow-up plan were developed. The bi-modal preventive strategy was implemented successfully. Parts of the project can serve as an example for other low-income countries, however its general transferability is limited due to the special circumstances in North Korea.

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“…According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the incidence of acute HBV infection among children and adolescents has declined by 96% due to the successful implementation of childhood vaccination programmes [3]. Hepatitis B vaccination started in 1982 and since then has been proven safe [4][5][6][7][8] and highly effective: completing the three-dose series induces protection in about 95% of recipients and protection lasts at least 20 years and is possibly lifelong [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. By the end of 2012, 181 countries implemented routine hepatitis B vaccination as part of their national immunization programmes, compared with 31 countries in 1992, the year that the World Health Assembly passed a resolution to recommend global vaccination against hepatitis B in addition to the immunization of people at increased behavioural or professional risk of exposure to HBV [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B: Are at-risk individuals vaccinated if screened and found negative for HBV? Results of an online survey conducted in six EU countries

Levi

Ahmad

Bechini

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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Advances in hepatitis immunization (A, B, E)

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Human Metapneumovirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Protective B and T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model

Human Metapneumovirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Protective B and T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model

Fighting Hepatitis B in North Korea: Feasibility of a Bi-modal Prevention Strategy

Hepatitis B: Are at-risk individuals vaccinated if screened and found negative for HBV? Results of an online survey conducted in six EU countries

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