Advances in hydrophilic metal–organic frameworks for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment

Abstract

The comprehensive profiling of glycoproteins is of great significance for the timely clinical diagnosis and therapy. However, inherent obstacles hamper their direct analysis from biological samples, and specific enrichment prior to analysis is indispensable. Among the various approaches for glycopeptide enrichment, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has attracted special focus, especially for the development of novel hydrophilic materials, which is the key of HILIC. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of porous materials constructed from the self-assembly of metal and organic linkers. Advantages such as high surface area, flexible pore size, and easy modification render hydrophilic MOFs as ideal candidates for HILIC, which has inspired many studies over the past years. In this review, advances in hydrophilic MOFs for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment are summarized. According to the synthesis strategies, those materials are categorized into three classes, namely pristine MOFs, MOFs with chemical modifications, and MOFs-derived composite. In each categorization, the preparation and the function of different moieties are covered, as well as the enrichment performances of sensitivity, selectivity, and practical application. Finally, a summary and future perspective on the applications of hydrophilic MOFs for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment are briefly discussed. This review is expected to raise awareness of the properties of hydrophilic MOFs and offer some valuable information to further research in glycoproteomics.

Important Advances in Antibacterial Nanoparticle-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

“…As a result, they can absorb hydrophilic PSs in hydrophilic pore sites and hydrophobic PSs in hydrophobic pore sites [58]. Although most MOF pores tend to be hydrophobic due to the hydrophobic organic molecule linkers, the design and self-assembly of hydrophilic MOFs have been reported for the absorption of hydrophilic molecules such as glycol peptides [59]. Although, in theory, such MOFs can also be used to absorb hydrophilic PSs, to the best of our literature search, such research has yet to be reported.…”

Analysis of N‐ and O‐linked site‐specific glycosylation by ion mobility mass spectrometry: State of the art and future directions

“…Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is the preferred method for separating and confirming the m/z (mass‐to‐charge ratio) of detached nonderivatized or fluorescent‐labeled glycans using ESI ionization. This technique is commonly employed to separate isomeric glycans, and the mass spectrometer is utilized for m/z verification [74, 75]. ESI is the prevailing method in glycopeptide analysis, particularly in conjunction with reverse‐phase chromatography.…”

Triazine-structured covalent organic framework nanosheets with inherent hydrophilicity for the highly efficient and selective enrichment of glycosylated peptides

“…[15][16][17][18] However, most of the reported boronate affinity materials have suffered from apparent disadvantages, such as relatively poor selectivity, weak affinity and alkaline pH for binding. Therefore, the HILIC-based method has occupied an important position due to its low cost, great efficiency, easy operation, excellent reproducibility, and satisfactory compatibility with MS. 19,20 Recently, various HILIC-based materials, including graphene oxides, 21,22 polymers, 23 silica particles, 24,25 magnetic nanoparticles, [26][27][28][29][30] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [31][32][33] have been extensively used in the enrichment of glycopeptides. However, the relatively poor capture efficiency resulting from the low yield of immobilized hydrophilic monomers in the above-mentioned materials still limits their further applications.…”