Advances in Inkjet‐Printed Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices

Abstract

Inkjet printing (IJP) has evolved over the past 30 years into a reliable, versatile, and cost‐effective industrial production technology in many areas from graphics to printed electronic applications. Intensive research efforts have led to the successful development of functional electronic inks to realize printed circuit boards, sensors, lighting, actuators, energy storage, and power generation devices. Recently, a promising solution‐processable material class has entered the stage: metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Within just 10 years of research, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on a laboratory scale increased to over 25%. Despite the complex nature of MHPs, significant progress has also been made in controlling film formation in terms of ink development, substrate wetting behavior, and crystallization processes of inkjet‐printed MHPs. This results in highly efficient inkjet‐printed PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of almost 21%, paving the way for cost‐effective and highly efficient thin‐film solar cell technology. In addition, the excellent optoelectronic properties of inkjet‐printed MHPs achieve remarkable results in photodetectors, X‐ray detectors, and illumination applications. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and recent advances in the production of inkjet‐printed MHPs for highly efficient and innovative optoelectronic devices is provided.

20.8% Slot‐Die Coated MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Optimal DMSO‐Content and Age of 2‐ME Based Precursor Inks

“…A variety of scalable fabrication techniques such as blade‐coating, [ 9 ] vapor‐assisted deposition, [ 10 ] inkjet printing, [ 11 ] and slot‐die coating (SDC) [ 12 ] have been successfully utilized for the deposition of MHP materials. Notably, SDC is considered as one of the most promising deposition techniques in the fabrication of functional coating and solution‐processed optoelectronics as uniform and compact thin‐films can be processed on both rigid and flexible substrates.…”

Ambient Inkjet‐Printed High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells: Manipulating the Spreading and Crystallization Behaviors of Picoliter Perovskite Droplets

“…In contrast to printing other functional material inks, such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, or conjugated polymers, in which drying of the printed materials largely depends on evaporation of solvent, crystallization of the perovskite materials here in the printing process is an additional important step we must consider. [ 25 ] To print high‐quality crystalline perovskite films, we have optimized the printing processes in the following three aspects (Figure 1e): first, we developed a suitable ink formulation, including optimization of its composition and solvent system. Precursor composition decides the chemical reaction process, and the solvent system plays a key role on its liquid properties.…”

Metal particle-free inks for printed flexible electronics

“…It is essential to investigate and control the so-called ''Magic Triangle of Inkjet Printing Technology'', which is determined by three main components: the ink, the substrate and the print-head. 126…”