Advances in Melt Blowing Process Simulations

Schmidt, Joseph H.; Usgaonkar, Saurabh Shenvi; Kumar, Satish; Lozano, Karen; Ellison, Christopher J.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03444

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The spinnability of polymers is mainly affected by their own thermal stability, melting point, and melt flow index. [81][82][83][84] For example, PP, PET, and PA have melting points of ≈165, 257, and 267 °C, respectively. That is, higher temperatures are required to melt PET and PA.…”

Section: Melt Blowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoengineered Textiles for Outdoor Personal Cooling and Drying

Miao

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Owing to global temperature increases and frequent extreme weather events, outdoor personal comfort is becoming more critical to human health and sustainable development. Nanoengineered textiles for highly efficient outdoor personal cooling and drying have been rapidly developing in academia and industry over the past decades. Herein, the recent nanoengineered textile advancements, which allow effective and energy-free personal cooling and drying in various outdoor environments, are reviewed. The techniques used for nanoengineered textiles, including nanoporous coating/laminating, direct nanofiber spinning, and nanomaterial coating/embedding, are comprehensively discussed. The detailed heat dissipation and water transport mechanisms are analyzed to provide insights into the synergistic effect of the personal cooling and drying processes, which can create a comfortable microenvironment for the human body. This review highlights the existing gaps in the practical applications and the perspectives on future developments to motivate the development of next-generation nanoengineered textiles. This review of nanoengineered textiles for outdoor personal cooling and drying will further promote the improvement of outdoor space living quality and labor productivity, conducive to satisfying the increasing demands for health, safety, and sustainability.

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Section: Melt Blowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoengineered Textiles for Outdoor Personal Cooling and Drying

Miao

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…In the melt-blowing process, the high-velocity, hot-air jet rapidly attenuates the molten stream of polymer into fibers. The melt-blowing technology is rather a complex process, in which there are many different variables having impact on fiber formation such as polymer properties, polymer distribution die, air velocity, air pressure, air temperature, die-to-collector distance, die temperature, and type of dies [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Over the past decades, a considerable amount of theoretical and experimental research has been conducted on melt-blowing technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Airflow Field and Fiber Motion in the Melt-Blowing Process

Wu,

Han,

Sun

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The melt-blowing process involves high velocity airflow and fiber motion, which have a significant effect on fiber attenuation. In this paper, the three-dimensional airflow field for a melt-blowing slot die was measured using the hot-wire anemometry in an experiment. The fiber motion was captured online using a high-speed camera. The characteristics of the airflow distribution and fiber motion were analyzed. The results show that the melt-blowing airflow field is asymmetrically distributed. The centerline air velocity is higher than that around it and decays quickly. The maximum airflow velocity exists near the die face, in the range of 130–160 m/s. In the region of −0.3 cm < y < 0.3 cm and 0 < z < 2 cm, the airflow has a high velocity (>100 m/s). As the distance of z reaches 5 cm and 7 cm, the maximum airflow velocity reduces to 70 m/s. The amplitude of fibers is calculated, and it increases with the increase in air dispersion area which has a significant influence on fiber attenuation. At z = 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm, 4 cm, and 5.5 cm, the average fiber amplitudes are 1.05 mm, 1.71 mm, 2.83 mm, and 3.97 mm, respectively. In the vicinity of the die, the fibers move vertically downward as straight segments. With the increase in distance from the spinneret, the fiber appears to bend significantly and forms a fiber loop. The fiber loop morphology affects the velocity of the fiber movement, causing crossover, folding, and bonding of the moving fiber. The study investigated the interaction between the fiber and airflow fields. It indicates that the airflow velocity, velocity difference, and dispersion area can affect the motion of fiber which plays an important role in fiber attenuation during the melt-blowing process.

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“…The drag of the hot air on the surface of the polymer melt causes the polymer, under optimal conditions, to elongate into fibers. 21,22 Melt blowing has been combined with other spinning techniques to improve the control over fiber structure. 23,24 Centrifugal spinning, also known as rotary jet spinning and force spinning, uses centrifugal forces to create fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 This technique combines principles of electrospinning and melt-blowing to form micro and nanofibers at higher production rates and lower costs. 15,21 The SBS setup basically uses a syringe pump, a pressurized gas source (usually air, argon, or nitrogen), and a set of concentric nozzles connected to a pressure gauge and positioned at a working distance from a collector. A polymer solution is then pumped through the inner nozzle, while the gas stream exiting the outer nozzle expands and its pressure drops, shaping the polymer solution into a cone, similar to Taylor's cone in electrospinning, as a result of Bernoulli's principle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Solution Blow Spinning Nozzle Geometry and Processing Parameters on Fiber Morphology

Souza,

Soares Filho,

Simões

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The solution blow spinning (SBS) technique has been used for over a decade to produce micro- and nanofibers from polymers and ceramics. Among the advantages of SBS over other fiber spinning techniques are its high polymer injection rate, which results in high fiber production output and low costs associated with the spinning setup. SBS essentially consists of the joint flow of a pressurized gas and a polymer solution through a concentric nozzle system, with the polymer being injected through the inner nozzle and the gas flowing through the outer one. Polymer properties and processing variables are of key importance to ensure fiber productivity and homogeneity. In this work, we investigate the effect of nozzle geometry (variation in the length and diameter of the outer nozzle, inner nozzle protrusion, and centralization) on the manometric pressure responsible for fiber stretching. Manometric pressure tests were carried out to evaluate the best conditions for producing thinner and more uniform fibers. To validate these experiments, polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were spun, and fiber morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the 0.5 mm inner nozzle protrusion and the shortest outer nozzle length (22.3 mm) as well as nozzle centralization are the best conditions with greater potential for producing thinner and more homogeneous fibers. The results demonstrate that changes in the SBS nozzle geometry directly influence the morphology of the spun fibers, with diameters ranging from 279 ± 242 to 472 ± 240 nm for PCL and 515 ± 237 to 1277 ± 370 nm for PLA. These results also show the necessity of taking into consideration not only material variables but also nozzle geometry if fibers produced from different research groups are to be fully compared.

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Advances in Melt Blowing Process Simulations

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

Nanoengineered Textiles for Outdoor Personal Cooling and Drying

Nanoengineered Textiles for Outdoor Personal Cooling and Drying

Experimental Study of the Airflow Field and Fiber Motion in the Melt-Blowing Process

Experimental Investigation of Solution Blow Spinning Nozzle Geometry and Processing Parameters on Fiber Morphology

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