Advances in monolithic silica columns for high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

In a monolithic column stationary phase contains a continuous porous material, sealed against the wall of a tube, instead of beads. Due to the decrease in chemical usage, sample usage, improved sensitivity, reusable frit-less columns and less back pressure monolithic column are very popular in the field of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). This review attempts to give an overview of three different types of monolithic columns, i.e. silica-based, polymer-based, and hybrid monolithic column. Moreover, the review also focuses on its advantages and applications over last 5 years.

Chiral Monolithic Silica-Based HPLC Columns for Enantiomeric Separation and Determination: Functionalization of Chiral Selector and Recognition of Selector-Selectand Interaction

“…Polymeric and hybrid monolithic columns are also showing some applications for chiral separation. Accordingly, this review is devoted to chiral monolithic silica stationary phases which can be either added to the mobile phase as CMPA or coated or functionalized to the surface of the monolithic silica [34][35][36]. The application of molecular modeling to elucidate the chiral recognition is discussed.…”

Silica-Based Monolithic Columns as a Tool in HPLC—An Overview of Application in Analysis of Active Compounds in Biological Samples

“…They are often called “monolithic rods” [ 3 ] or “silica rods” in the case of silica monolithic columns [ 4 ]. Due to the characteristic structure that distinguishes them from traditional spherical fillings and their numerous advantages, including low susceptibility to clogging and low flow resistance, they are a very interesting alternative for many scientists [ 5 ]. Considering the type of material used for synthesis, monolithic columns can be divided into two groups; the first is based on silica gel and the second is based on polymeric materials [ 6 ].…”

“…Many published studies showed the applicability potential of silica-based monolithic columns in investigations of various samples, including plants [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], food [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], dietary supplements [ 24 ], and drugs [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. So far, numerous review papers described the analytical use of monolithic columns [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Namera et al showed applications of different types of commercially available silica-based monolithic columns in the analysis of active compounds in biological materials.…”

Influencia de un campo magnético oscilante en columnas poliméricas con nanopartículas magnéticas (ARTÍCULO RETRACTADO)

“…Existen dos tipos de columnas monolíticas: las poliméricas, que consisten en la obtención de polímeros orgánicos mediante polimerización in-situ de una mezcla orgánica o hidro-orgánica, y las monolíticas de base de sílice, preparadas a partir de un proceso de sol-gel [5,6]. Los monolitos poliméricos presentan algunas ventajas sobre los de sílice, tales como su rápida y sencilla preparación, su versatilidad en la funcionalización del polímero y su mayor estabilidad química en un amplio intervalo de pH (2-12) [7].…”

“…Los más utilizados en técnicas de separación incluyen: nanopartículas (NP) de sílice y carbono (principalmente fullerenos y nanotubos de carbono) y metálicas (NP de óxido de hierro, oro, plata y europio) [14]. Entre las aplicaciones de estas NP se encuentra su empleo como adsorbentes en extracción y microextracción en fase sólida [5,12], así como el desarrollo de fases estacionarias que incorporen estos materiales nanoestructurados. Por ejemplo, recientemente se incorporaron micronanopartículas vinilizadas a columnas monolíticas de GMA, lo que proporcionó un aumento del área superficial de los monolitos.…”