Advances in Nanotechnology for Biofilm Inhibition

Abstract

Biofilm-associated infections have emerged as a significant public health challenge due to their persistent nature and increased resistance to conventional treatment methods. The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics has made us susceptible to a range of multidrug-resistant pathogens. These pathogens show reduced susceptibility to antibiotics and increased intracellular survival. However, current methods for treating biofilms, such as smart materials and targeted drug delivery systems, have not been found effective in preventing biofilm formation. To address this challenge, nanotechnology has provided innovative solutions for preventing and treating biofilm formation by clinically relevant pathogens. Recent advances in nanotechnological strategies, including metallic nanoparticles, functionalized metallic nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, cyclodextrin-based delivery, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymer drug conjugates, and liposomes, may provide valuable technological solutions against infectious diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive review to summarize the recent advancements and limitations of advanced nanotechnologies. The present Review encompasses a summary of infectious agents, the mechanisms that lead to biofilm formation, and the impact of pathogens on human health. In a nutshell, this Review offers a comprehensive survey of the advanced nanotechnological solutions for managing infections. A detailed presentation has been made as to how these strategies may improve biofilm control and prevent infections. The key objective of this Review is to summarize the mechanisms, applications, and prospects of advanced nanotechnologies to provide a better understanding of their impact on biofilm formation by clinically relevant pathogens.

Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: An Insight into the Advancements in Antimicrobial Resistance

“…These nanoparticles have been used in cholesterol biosensors, dietary modulators to control diabetes, cell imaging, and drug delivery. 173 ZnO NPs are highly cost-effective and show low toxicity compared to other metal oxide NPs, making them suitable for antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and bioimaging applications. 159 They also showed promising results in modulating allergic reactions by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells.…”

Biofilm Inhibition on Medical Devices and Implants Using Carbon Dots: An Updated Review

“…Functionalized nanoparticles may provide an innovative solution for the eradication of biofilm formation on implants. CDs because of their tunable fluorescence emission and ability to generate ROS are being investigated for applications in nanomedicine, therapeutics, and antimicrobial substrates . CDs have been synthesized using numerous physical and chemical methods.…”

“…In 2023, Kumar et al reviewed the latest advancements in nanotechnology with specific reference to nanoparticles possessing anti-biofilm and antimicrobial properties . They highlighted the antibiofilm efficiency of a range of nanoparticles (metal, metal oxides, liposomes, peptide nanomaterials, nanopolymers). , Additionally, a review written by Dhar and Han in 2020 discussed biofilm formation in wounds and implants. They discussed various strategies (ultrasound, nanotechnology, combined therapy, hydrogels, and modification of implants) employed in biofilm treatment .…”

Investigation of Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 with Lachancea fermentati Inhibitor Extracted from Rotten Grapefruits (Vitis vinifera): Adsorption, Thermodynamic, Electrochemical, and Quantum Chemical Studies

“…32 The bacterial cells have the potential to attach on the surface of the metals, polymers, and materials because of the formation of mature biofilms. 33 Many bacterial pathogens have been reported, such as P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. K. pneumoniae for the formation of protective layer/biofilm on the surface of the materials.…”

“…isolate received much focus for inhibition of mild steel corrosion in environmental conditions because of the biofilm formation over the surface of mild steel compared with other yeasts. , The formation of biofilm due to microbes is complex because of extracellular polymeric substances and it offers the protection of biofilms under optimum environmental conditions . The bacterial cells have the potential to attach on the surface of the metals, polymers, and materials because of the formation of mature biofilms . Many bacterial pathogens have been reported, such as P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae , A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter spp.…”