Advances in oral mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in health and disease

Luo, Huanyu; Birjandi, Anahid A.; Ren, Feilong; Sun, Tianmeng; Sharpe, Paul T.; Sun, Hongjian; An, Zhengwen

doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.015

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…They generally comprise significant bioactive components, such as microRNAs, mRNAs, lipids, proteins, metabolites, and other signaling molecules that mediate intercellular communication pathways. In previous studies, extracellular vesicles have been classified into three categories based on their distinct production modes and sizes: microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies [ 11 ]. Exosomes, ranging in size from 40 nm to 160 nm, are small EVs formed by endocytosis.…”

Section: Basics Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: A Crucial Player in the Intestinal Microenvironment and Beyond

Wang,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The intestinal ecological environment plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and overall well-being. In recent years, research has focused on the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in both physiological and pathological conditions of the intestine. The intestine does not only consume EVs from exogenous foods, but also those from other endogenous tissues and cells, and even from the gut microbiota. The alteration of conditions in the intestine and the intestinal microbiota subsequently gives rise to changes in other organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), namely the microbiome–gut–brain axis, which also exhibits a significant involvement of EVs. This review first gives an overview of the generation and isolation techniques of EVs, and then mainly focuses on elucidating the functions of EVs derived from various origins on the intestine and the intestinal microenvironment, as well as the impacts of an altered intestinal microenvironment on other physiological systems. Lastly, we discuss the role of microbial and cellular EVs in the microbiome–gut–brain axis. This review enhances the understanding of the specific roles of EVs in the gut microenvironment and the central nervous system, thereby promoting more effective treatment strategies for certain associated diseases.

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Section: Basics Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: A Crucial Player in the Intestinal Microenvironment and Beyond

Wang,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…To understand how this interaction unfolds, two possible hypotheses have been proposed. Despite a conserved basement membrane, the literature suggests an acellular mechanism, such as the direct communication between dysplastic cells and the underlying microenvironment through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes, which are capable of crossing the basement membrane ( 18 ), or soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors ( 19 , 20 ). Alternatively, the other hypothesis involves the role of the immune system in inflammation through intraepithelial antigen-presenting cells such as Langerhans cells (LCs), which could take up antigens and present them to the immune system in the lymph nodes, ultimately triggering lymphocyte infiltration ( 21 , 22 ).…”

Section: Interaction Between Oral Dysplasia and Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the role of the oral leukoplakia microenvironment in malignant transformation

González-Arriagada,

Canedo-Marroquin,

Adorno-Farías

et al. 2024

Front. Oral. Health

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Oral leukoplakia is the most frequent and potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity. Although dysplasia grading remains the main factor for risk assessment, challenges persist in determining the exact risk of transformation, and the literature has focused on studying alternative biomarkers. The interaction between dysplastic epithelial cells and the microenvironment starts early, and the communication is mainly mediated by lymphocytes, inflammatory factors, fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix, leading to dysplastic progression. Leukoplakia-infiltrating leukocytes (LILs) and leukoplakia-associated fibroblasts (LAFs) play crucial roles in the dysplastic microenvironment. The immune response is related to intraepithelial T lymphocyte infiltration, mechanisms of immunosuppression coordinated by regulatory T cells, M2 macrophage polarization, and increased numbers of Langerhans cells; in contrast, fibroblastic and extracellular matrix factors are associated with increased numbers of pro-tumorigenic myofibroblasts, increased expression of metalloproteinases vs. decreased expression of TIMPs, and increased expression of chemokines and other inflammatory mediators. The microenvironment offers insights into the progression of leukoplakia to carcinoma, and understanding the complexity of the oral microenvironment in potentially malignant diseases aids in determining the risk of malignant transformation and proposing new therapeutic alternatives.

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“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers for the horizontal transfer of substances and information between cells. They mediate proximal or distal cellular communication by transporting a variety of functional substrates associated with tissue homeostasis and disease [ 15 , 16 ]. Recent research showed that macrophage-derived EVs led to cartilage catabolism and synovial inflammation, supporting the important role of EVs in OA [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-derived ectosomal miR-350-3p promotes osteoarthritis progression through downregulating chondrocyte H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1

Lin,

Yin,

Huang

et al. 2024

Cell Death Discov.

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Mechanical overloading can promote cartilage senescence and osteoarthritis (OA) development, but its impact on synovial macrophages and the interaction between macrophages and chondrocytes remain unknown. Here, we found that macrophages exhibited M1 polarization under mechanical overloading and secreted ectosomes that induced cartilage degradation and senescence. By performing miRNA sequencing on ectosomes, we identified highly expressed miR-350-3p as a key factor mediating the homeostatic imbalance of chondrocytes caused by M1-polarized macrophages, this result being confirmed by altering the miR-350-3p level in chondrocytes with mimics and inhibitor. In experimental OA mice, miR-350-3p was increased in synovium and cartilage, while intra-articular injection of antagomir-350-3p inhibited the increase of miR-350-3p and alleviated cartilage degeneration and senescence. Further studies showed that macrophage-derived ectosomal miR-350-3p promoted OA progression by inhibiting nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1(NSD1) in chondrocytes and regulating histone H3 lysine 36(H3K36) methylation. This study demonstrated that the targeting of macrophage-derived ectosomal miRNAs was a potential therapeutic method for mechanical overload-induced OA.

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Advances in oral mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in health and disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 137 publications

Extracellular Vesicles: A Crucial Player in the Intestinal Microenvironment and Beyond

Extracellular Vesicles: A Crucial Player in the Intestinal Microenvironment and Beyond

New insights into the role of the oral leukoplakia microenvironment in malignant transformation

Macrophage-derived ectosomal miR-350-3p promotes osteoarthritis progression through downregulating chondrocyte H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1

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