Advances in Permanent Deformation Modeling of Asphalt Concrete—A Review

Abstract

Permanent deformation is one of the dominant asphalt concrete damages. Significant progress has been made to realistically predict the damage. In the last decade, the mechanistic approach has been the focus of research, and the fundamental theories of viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, continuum mechanics, and micromechanics are applied to develop the material laws (constitutive equations). This paper reviews the advancement of permanent deformation models including analogical, microstructural, and continuum-based methods. Pavement analysis using the nonlinear damage approach (PANDA) is the most comprehensive and theoretically sound approach that is available in the literature. The model coupled different damages and other phenomena (such as cracking, moisture, and phenomena such as healing, aging, etc.). The anisotropic microstructure approach can be incorporated into the PANDA approach for a more realistic prediction. Moreover, the interaction of fatigue and permanent deformation is the gap that is lacking in the literature. The mechanistic approaches have the capacity to couple these damages for unified asphalt concrete damage prediction.

Identification of Sensitive Parameters for Deformation of Asphalt Concrete Face Rockfill Dam of Pumped Storage Power Station

“…During model calculation, the dam foundation overburden, dam material (e.g., asphalt concrete face, cushion, transition layer, main rockfill zone, secondary rockfill zone), reservoir bottom backfill zone, and rockfill behind the dam were all considered nonlinear materials [51,52]. The Duncan-Chang E-B model was used to describe the nonlinear constitutive relationship of materials.…”

Applications of Synthetic, Natural, and Waste Fibers in Asphalt Mixtures: A Citation-Based Review

“…Permanent deformation in an asphalt layer occurs due to densification, lateral flow, and subgrade consolidation. In addition, a heavy load, improper compaction, materials, and design for the asphalt layer cause permanent deformation [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, the cyclic stress of traffic loads and structural weakness of an asphalt layer due to improper design or aging result in fatigue cracking, which starts from the bottom of the layer and propagates to the surface.…”