Advances in phage–host interaction prediction: <i>in silico</i> method enhances the development of phage therapies

Identifying phage–host interactions (PHIs) is a crucial step in developing phage therapy, which is the promising solution to addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance in superbugs. However, the lifestyle of phages, which strongly depends on their host for life activities, limits their cultivability, making the study of predicting PHIs time-consuming and labor-intensive for traditional wet lab experiments. Although many deep learning (DL) approaches have been applied to PHIs prediction, most DL methods are predominantly based on sequence information, failing to comprehensively model the intricate relationships within PHIs. Moreover, most existing approaches are limited for sub-optimal performance, due to the potential risk of overfitting induced by the highly data sparsity in the task of PHIs prediction. In this study, we propose a novel approach called MI-RGC, which introduces mutual information for feature augmentation and employs regional graph convolution to learn meaningful representations. Specifically, MI-RGC treats the presence status of phages in environmental samples as random variables, and derives the mutual information between these random variables as the dependency relationships among phages. Consequently, a mutual information-based heterogeneous network is construted as feature augmentation for sequence information of phages, which is utilized for building a sequence information-based heterogeneous network. By considering the different contributions of neighboring nodes at varying distances, a regional graph convolutional model is designed, in which the neighboring nodes are segmented into different regions and a regional-level attention mechanism is employed to derive node embeddings. Finally, the embeddings learned from these two networks are aggregated through an attention mechanism, on which the prediction of PHIs is condcuted accordingly. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that MI-RGC derives superior performance over other methods on the task of PHIs prediction.

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PHIStruct: Improving phage-host interaction prediction at low sequence similarity settings using structure-aware protein embeddings

Gonzales,

Ureta,

Shrestha

2024

Preprint

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Recent computational approaches for predicting phage-host interaction have explored the use of sequence-only protein language models to produce embeddings of phage proteins without manual feature engineering. However, these embeddings do not directly capture protein structure information and structure-informed signals related to host specificity. We present PHIStruct, a multilayer perceptron that takes in structure-aware embeddings of receptor-binding proteins, generated via the structure-aware protein language model SaProt, and then predicts the host from among the ESKAPEE genera. Compared against recent tools, PHIStruct exhibits the best balance of precision and recall, with the highest and most stable F1 score across a wide range of confidence thresholds and sequence similarity settings. The margin in performance is most pronounced when the sequence similarity between the training and test sets drops below 40%, wherein, at a relatively high-confidence threshold of above 50%, PHIStruct presents a 7% to 9% increase in class-averaged F1 over machine learning tools that do not directly incorporate structure information, as well as a 5% to 6% increase over BLASTp. The data and source code for our experiments and analyses are available at https://github.com/bioinfodlsu/PHIStruct.

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Advances in phage–host interaction prediction: in silico method enhances the development of phage therapies

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Genomic mapping of wastewater bacteriophage may predict potential bacterial pathogens infecting the community

Genomic mapping of wastewater bacteriophage may predict potential bacterial pathogens infecting the community

Predicting phage–host interactions via feature augmentation and regional graph convolution

PHIStruct: Improving phage-host interaction prediction at low sequence similarity settings using structure-aware protein embeddings

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