Advances in Physiological, Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Molecular Genetic Approaches for Enhancing Mango Fruit Quality

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a nutritionally important fruit of high nutritive value, delicious in taste with an attractive aroma. Due to their antioxidant and therapeutic potential, mango fruits are receiving special attention in biochemical and pharmacognosy-based studies. Fruit quality determines consumer’s acceptance, and hence, understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of fruit development, maturity, ripening, and storage is essential. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, and molecular genetic approaches have led to the identification of key genes, metabolites, protein candidates, and quantitative trait loci that are associated with enhanced mango fruit quality. The major pathways that determine the fruit quality include amino acid metabolism, plant hormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism and transport, cell wall biosynthesis and degradation, flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and carotenoid metabolism. Expression of the polygalacturonase, cutin synthase, pectin methyl esterase, pectate lyase, β-galactosidase, and ethylene biosynthesis enzymes are related to mango fruit ripening, flavor, firmness, softening, and other quality processes, while genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, heat shock proteins, hormone signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are associated with diseases. Metabolomics identified volatiles, organic acids, amino acids, and various other compounds that determine the characteristic flavor and aroma of the mango fruit. Molecular markers differentiate the mango cultivars based on their geographical origins. Genetic linkage maps and quantitative trait loci studies identified regions in the genome that are associated with economically important traits. The review summarizes the applications of omics techniques and their potential applications toward understanding mango fruit physiology and their usefulness in future mango breeding.

WGCNA Identifies a Comprehensive Gene Co-Expression Network Associated with Development in autotetraploid potato tissues

“…PG is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and is very important for cell wall metabolism and maintenance of plant tissue morphology. Literature suggests that PG is associated with quality processes such as fruit ripening, flavor, firmness [25]. Moreover, PG has a negative regulatory role in promoting fruit softening.…”

Variations in mango fruit quality in response to management factors on a pre- and post-harvest continuum

“…As in other fruits, starch is first accumulated during fruit growth and then degraded to soluble sugars as the fruit ripens (Durán-Soria et al, 2020). Sucrose is the main soluble sugar produced in mangoes (Datir and Regan, 2023;Li et al, 2020). Fructose and glucose contents are low compared to sucrose and starch and show more variable kinetics, especially during storage.…”

“…, 2020). Sucrose is the main soluble sugar produced in mangoes (Datir and Regan, 2023; Li et al. , 2020).…”

Omics Analysis Unveils the Pathway Involved in the Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tomato Seedling and Fruits

“…In recent years, integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses as efficient tools to underly the molecular mechanisms of key metabolic pathways in plants [35][36][37][38]. A detailed description of secondary metabolic changes occurring in the whole germinated seeds as well as cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots from 3 to 9 days old tomato seedlings via LCMS profiling, which provided a new perspective to study metabolic networks controlling flavonoid biosynthesis in tomato [39].…”