Advances in Production of Hydroxycinnamoyl-Quinic Acids: From Natural Sources to Biotechnology

Abstract

Hydroxycinnamoyl-quinic acids (HCQAs) are polyphenol esters formed of hydroxycinnamic acids and (-)-quinic acid. They are naturally synthesized by plants and some micro-organisms. The ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, the chlorogenic acid, is an intermediate of lignin biosynthesis. HCQAs are biologically active dietary compounds exhibiting several important therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other activities. They can also be used in the synthesis of nanoparticles or drugs. However, extraction of these compounds from biomass is a complex process and their synthesis requires costly precursors, limiting the industrial production and availability of a wider variety of HCQAs. The recently emerged production through the bioconversion is still in an early stage of development. In this paper, we discuss existing and potential future strategies for production of HCQAs.

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Polar Compounds Content with Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Avocado Seed Extracts

“…They have shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as risk reduction of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [47]. Despite the antimicrobial activity, some microorganisms are resistant to chlorogenic acids because of their ability to degrade such compounds [47]. In this study, caffeoylquinic acid isomers a and b and coumaroylquinic acid isomers b and d decreased in fermentations with P. acidilactici CECT 5765T, P. pentosaceus CECT 923, Leu.…”

“…Their occurrence in plants has been associated with lignin biosynthesis, as an indirect defense agent, making tissues more resistant to pathogen attacks and inhibiting fungal toxins, and as a protective agent against oxidative damage caused by exposition to salinity and heat [45]. They have shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as risk reduction of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [47]. Despite the antimicrobial activity, some microorganisms are resistant to chlorogenic acids because of their ability to degrade such compounds [47].…”

Influence of Melatonin Coating on Physiochemical Qualities and Enzymatic Activities in Banana Pericarp under Cold Storage

“…Several studies indicate that derivatives of QA, such as CA and GA, possess beneficial health effects, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, these compounds are absorbed and metabolized within the human gastrointestinal system [82,83]. Saravanan and Aradhya [84] reported that CC, ferulic, and PA help prevent cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and displayed anticancer, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive properties.…”

Antioxidant and Wound Healing Bioactive Potential of Extracts Obtained from Bark and Needles of Softwood Species

“…Thus, numerous flavonoids have been identified in spruce and fir biomass (bark and needles), including the following: flavanols (epigallocatechin, dihydrokaempferol, cedeodarin, taxifolin, and derivatives), flavones (tricin, vitexin, vitexin-2-o-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, kaempferol/luteolino-glucoside), isoflavones (afromosin, pratensein, glycitein, daidzein), flavanones (liquiritigenin, pinostrobin), chalcones (phloretin and phloretin-2-glucoside), and proanthocyanidins (proanthocyanidin, procyanidin B1/B2, procyanidin A2). Other bioactive compounds identified in the coniferous biomass included phenol phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids (quinic, shikimic, salicylic, vanillic, caffeic, synaptic, homovanilic) and derivatives (caffeoylquinic and 3-p-coumaroylquinic, caffeoylshikimic, 4-methoxycinnamic and toluic acids, and ferulic and vanillic acid glucosides), with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antidiabetic properties [125][126][127][128][129][130]. Astringin, piceatannol glucoside, t-piceid, combretastatin A-4, t-isorhapontin, t-isorhapontigenin, and piceatannol represent the main stilbenes identified in the coniferous biomass, which exert various biological activities, including cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-diabetic [131], and antimicrobial effects [132] and also the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging of peroxyl radicals [133].…”