Advances in radiotherapy

Ahmad, Saif; Duke, Simon; Jena, R.; Williams, Michael; Burnet, N.G.

doi:10.1136/bmj.e7765

Cited by 109 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…73,74 To assess irradiation effects the "5-R" index (radiosensitivity, repopulation, redistribution, reoxygenation and repair) is applied. Although around 40% of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy seem to be cured 75 the majority is not. Late toxicity is an important effect that is seen after treatment and can pose a problem for many years post radiotherapy.…”

Section: Tenascin-c In Radiotherapy: Friend or Foe?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenascin-C: Exploitation and collateral damage in cancer management

Spenlé

Saupe

Midwood³

et al. 2015

Cell Adhesion & Migration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Tenascin-c In Radiotherapy: Friend or Foe?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenascin-C: Exploitation and collateral damage in cancer management

Spenlé

Saupe

Midwood³

et al. 2015

Cell Adhesion & Migration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents target rapidly dividing cells and induce breaks or other damage to tumor cell DNA, including oxidative stress (54). Radiotherapy kills cancer cells by damaging DNA and cellular proteins with high energy photons or particles (3). Both chemo and radiotherapy may be given to treat unresectable or recurrent disease, or be used in conjunction with surgery to increase the chance of cure (37).…”

Section: The Cancer Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of QSOX1 in Cancer

Lake

Faigel

2014

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significance: Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme that oxidizes thiols during protein folding, reducing molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Tumor cells may take advantage of oxidative environments at different stages of tumorigenesis, but QSOX1 may also serve additional functions in tumors. Recent Advances: Several groups have reported the over-expression of QSOX1 in breast, pancreas, and prostate cancers. A consensus is building that QSOX1 over-expression is important during tumor cell invasion, facilitating tumor cell migration at the tumor-stroma interface. As such, QSOX1 may be considered a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential or even indicate that cancer is present in a host. Critical Issues: However, some controversy exists between QSOX1 as a marker of poor or favorable outcome in breast cancer. More studies are required to reveal what advantage QSOX1 provides to breast and other types of cancer. More specifically, it is critical to learn which tumor types over-express QSOX1 and use its enzymatic activity to their advantage. Future Directions: As interest increases in understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis within the extracellular matrix and how tumor cells influence fibroblasts and other stromal cells, QSOX1 may be revealed as an important player in cancer detection and prognosis. Defining the mechanism(s) of QSOX1 activity in tumors and in in vivo models will provide important insights into how to target QSOX1 with anti-neoplastic agents. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 485-496.

show abstract

“…While cancer therapies increasingly achieve cure and extend survival, they often result in chronic side effects in patients (29,99,142,148,149). Paradoxically, modern therapies threaten to increase the burden of chronic toxicity, not reduce it (6). Acute reactions impacting normal tissue injury early after treatment are related to oxidative stress and inflammation that alter the microenvironment which includes sensitive stem cell niches (78).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Side Effects

Benderitter

Caviggioli

Chapel

et al. 2014

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significance: Targeted irradiation is an effective cancer therapy but damage inflicted to normal tissues surrounding the tumor may cause severe complications. While certain pharmacologic strategies can temper the adverse effects of irradiation, stem cell therapies provide unique opportunities for restoring functionality to the irradiated tissue bed. Recent Advances: Preclinical studies presented in this review provide encouraging proof of concept regarding the therapeutic potential of stem cells for treating the adverse side effects associated with radiotherapy in different organs. Early-stage clinical data for radiation-induced lung, bone, and skin complications are promising and highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate stem cell type to stimulate tissue regeneration. Critical Issues: While therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in a variety of animal models and human trials, a range of additional concerns regarding stem cell transplantation for ameliorating radiationinduced normal tissue sequelae remain. Safety issues regarding teratoma formation, disease progression, and genomic stability along with technical issues impacting disease targeting, immunorejection, and clinical scale-up are factors bearing on the eventual translation of stem cell therapies into routine clinical practice. Future Directions: Follow-up studies will need to identify the best possible stem cell types for the treatment of early and late radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Additional work should seek to optimize cellular dosing regimes, identify the best routes of administration, elucidate optimal transplantation windows for introducing cells into more receptive host tissues, and improve immune tolerance for longer-term engrafted cell survival into the irradiated microenvironment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 338-355.

show abstract

Advances in radiotherapy

Cited by 109 publications

References 35 publications

Tenascin-C: Exploitation and collateral damage in cancer management

Tenascin-C: Exploitation and collateral damage in cancer management

The Emerging Role of QSOX1 in Cancer

Stem Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Side Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About