Advances in research on echinococcoses epidemiology in China

Fu, Meihua; Wang, Xu; Han, Seung-Beom; Guan, Yalin; Bergquist, Robert; Wu, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105921

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…CE is recognized as a major public health concern and endemic in central Asia (particularly in western China), where at least 270 million people are at risk and under a huge burden, with economic losses (Wu et al, 2018a;Zhang et al, 2015). Echinococcus granulosus (G1) is widespread in western China, whereas E. ortleppi (G5), E. intermedius (G7) and E. canadensis (G8 and G10) have recently emerged in differ-ent provinces and hosts in China (Fu et al, 2021;Hua et al, 2019;Shi et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2018b;Yang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

Hua

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected tropical zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and remains a major public health concern globally. Here, CE isolates (n = 3310) with clearly defined genotypes and geographical origins in China were retrieved through our epidemiological survey (2016-2020) and systematic review . Existing known genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) except for G4 have been found in China, particularly on the Tibetan Plateau, where their genetic diversity is unique to that part of the world. According to the systematic review, genetic compositions of E. granulosus s.l. in China were as follows: E. granulosus (G1, G3), 98.3%; Echinococcus ortleppi (G5), 0.1%; Echinococcus intermedius (G6, G7), 1.4%; and Echinococcus canadensis (G8, G10), 0.2%. Specifically, G1 was responsible for 97.7% of infections and characterized by the broadest host ranges and geographic distributions. Our epidemiological results showed a relatively stable genetic composition of E. granulosus s.l. in sheep and yaks from three CE hyperendemic provinces (Xinjiang, Sichuan, Qinghai). A higher proportion of fertile cysts were found in sheep (287/406, 70.7%) than in yaks (28/184, 15.2%). During the past 29 years, 51 cox1 haplotypes of E. granulosus s.l. were endemic in China. The ancestral haplotype (Hap_2) remained the most common haplotype, 12 relatively common haplotypes were endemic and nine newly reported haplotypes were found during the survey. Overall, our results demonstrate that the compulsory immunization of sheep and the pilot EG95 vaccination campaign in yaks are well matched with the current genotypic situation. In addition to yaks, we advocate for more surveillance of CE isolates from pigs, cattle, goats and camels, since their roles in the transmission and reservation of E. granulosus s.l. have been largely ignored in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

Hua

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Echinococcosis is a public health problem that seriously threatens human health and restricts economic development ( 2 ). It is widespread in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas in western China, of which Ganzi is an important endemic area with a prevalence of 1.05% in humans ( 3 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Knowledge Survey on Health Education of Echinococcosis Among Students — Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, 2020

Xu¹,

Fu²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

China CDC Weekly

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What is already known about this topic?Previous surveys have mainly focused on how well residents and primary school students have understood the core knowledge of echinococcosis control and are limited in terms of the comprehensiveness of the knowledge category and respondents. What is added by this report?There were some shortcomings in related knowledge of echinococcosis among students, which showed a tendency to know methods but not the rationale. The differences among regions indicated a lack of a unified system for training educators and allocating comprehensive educational material. What are the implications for public health practices?The results of this study provide evidence to potentially help improve health education programs in the new phase of echinococcosis prevention and control in China.

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“…Hydatidosis, also known as echinococcosis, is a zoonotic parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and life [ 1 ]. Alveolar echinococcosis is a tumor in insects and is a highly lethal disease [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus multilocularis drives the polarization of macrophages by regulating the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway and thus affects liver fibrosis

et al. 2022

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Echinococcus multilocularis is a small parasite that causes alveolar echinococcosis. It primarily induces liver disorder, such as liver fibrosis and even liver cancer, which severely endangers human lives. This study aims to explore the efficacy of Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen in preventing and alleviating alveolar echinococcosis-induced liver fibrosis and determine the underlying mechanism. We first identified the optimal dose and time of Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen. The protein levels of key genes in the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway were remarkably upregulated in RAW264.7 and Ana-1 cells induced with 80 μg/mL Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen for 8 h. Interestingly, the upregulated expression levels were remarkably reversed by the RhoA, JNK, ERK, or p38 inhibitor, confirming the significance of the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, the relative contents of M2 polarization markers IL-10 and Arg-1 in macrophages induced with 80 μg/mL Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen for 8 h increased, whereas those of M1 polarization markers IL-12 and NOS-2 decreased. Mouse hepatic stellate cells were the key components of the hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment. Hepatic stellate cells were activated by Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen and transformed into the morphology of myofibroblasts in response to liver disorders. By detecting the marker of myofibroblast formation, RhoA inhibitor remarkably reduced the positive expression of α-SMA in mouse hepatic stellate cells induced with Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen. Therefore, Echinococcus multilocularis soluble antigen remarkably activated the RhoA-MAPK pathways in macrophages, further inducing the polarization of macrophages and ultimately causing liver fibrosis. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that infection with Echinococcus multilocularis activates the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway and subsequently induces macrophage polarization to promote hepatic stellate cells activation leading to liver fibrosis. Aims: To investigate the mechanism by which soluble antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis affects liver fibrosis through the RhoA-MAPK pathway driving polarization of macrophages. Goals: To identify new pathways of intervention and drug targets for the regulation of macrophage polarity phenotype switching and the attenuation or inhibition of the development and treatment of liver fibrosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

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Advances in research on echinococcoses epidemiology in China

Cited by 28 publications

References 114 publications

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

A Knowledge Survey on Health Education of Echinococcosis Among Students — Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, 2020

Echinococcus multilocularis drives the polarization of macrophages by regulating the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway and thus affects liver fibrosis

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