Advances in Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Pain

Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) continues to gain validation as an effective and safe treatment option for a variety of chronic pain syndromes, including failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, refractory angina pectoris, and phantom limb pain. Over the past 30 years, SCS has demonstrated successful outcomes in pain reduction, as well as improvement in quality of life and function. Additionally, there are promising developments under way with cervical spine level SCS and non-painrelated indications. Despite the success of SCS thus far, there is still a paucity of randomized control trials, and further clinical research is warranted to better establish SCS's efficacy across its spectrum of applications.

One-Year Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain

“…Relief of intractable neuropathic pain can be achieved via neuromodulation of the sensory tracts in the dorsal column of the spinal cord . Thousands of traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices are implanted every year for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) , complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , and other indications.…”

The Effectiveness of Using Modified Transcutaneous Spinal Electroanalgesia on Patients with Acute Sickle Cell Painful Episode

“…Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has been tried in the management of sickle cell pain, but the efficacy was not optimal 9 . A special form of Transcutaneous Electrotherapy called Transcutaneous Spinal Electroanalgesia (TSE) known with its supposed wider spread analgesia, compared to the peripheral nerve stimulation was thought to be more effective in controlling pain [11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”