Advances in square arrays through self‐assembly and directed self‐assembly of block copolymers

Hardy, Christopher G.; Tang, Chuanbing

doi:10.1002/polb.23174

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The self-assembly by hierarchical driven forces could be used for generating structures that are difficult or impossible to form under single or only a few types of self-assembling driven forces. A few examples have been reported on self-assembly processes through hierarchically driven forces that resulted in extraordinary phenomena, including the unique nanoscale square patterns formed by combining supramolecular assembly of hydrogen-bonding units with controlled phase separation of BCPs (refs 73, 78), and the macroscopic molecular self-assembly of an amphiphilic hyperbranched multi-arm copolymer induced by microphase separation and further driven by the hydrogen bonds74. The ionic liquid structure provides a means to enlarge the toolbox of hierarchical interactions to be used for the creation of unique self-assembled polymeric structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cubosomes from hierarchical self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers

Rahimi

Zhong

et al. 2017

Nat Commun

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Cubosomes are micro- and nanoparticles with a bicontinuous cubic two-phase structure, reported for the self-assembly of low molecular weight surfactants, for example, lipids, but rarely formed by polymers. These objects are characterized by a maximum continuous interface and high interface to volume ratio, which makes them promising candidates for efficient adsorbents and host-guest applications. Here we demonstrate self-assembly to nanoscale cuboidal particles with a bicontinuous cubic structure by amphiphilic poly(ionic liquid) diblock copolymers, poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water under optimized conditions. Structure determining parameters include polymer composition and concentration, temperature, and the variation of the solvent mixture. The formation of the cubosomes can be explained by the hierarchical interactions of the constituent components. The lattice structure of the block copolymers can be transferred to the shape of the particle as it is common for atomic and molecular faceted crystals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cubosomes from hierarchical self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers

Rahimi

Zhong

et al. 2017

Nat Commun

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“…Recent advances in polymer nanotechnology for applications in renewable energy, electronics, and healthcare drive improved characterization of nanoscale polymer systems. The thermal and mechanical properties of confined polymers have been observed to deviate substantially from bulk properties, making them a subject of extensive investigation over the past few decades .…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

21st Century Advances in Fluorescence Techniques to Characterize Glass‐Forming Polymers at the Nanoscale

Burroughs

Christie

Gray

et al. 2017

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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properties. [9,10] While fluorescence has been used extensively to characterize bulk properties of polymers, including glass transition temperature (T g ) [11][12][13] and polymerization conversion, [13] it is particularly well-suited to study polymers at the nanoscale. This is largely due to the fact that fluorescence techniques enable sensitive and location-specific measurements with high resolution.In this review, we focus on the use of both steady-state and transient fluorescence techniques to characterize physical properties of polymers over nanoscale dimensions. This length scale can refer to film thickness in single-component polymer films, interparticle spacing in nanocomposites, domain spacing in phaseseparated block copolymers, and distance from the polymer-polymer interface in multicomponent immiscible blends. Several geometries characterized via fluorescence are shown in Figure 1. Prior to delving into specific contributions, the basic principles and techniques of fluorescence are presented as well as a brief introduction to the behavior of confined polymers. We then present recent advances in fluorescence techniques for polymer physical characterization under confinement with regards to the glass transition temperature, physical aging, mobility and diffusion, and mechanical response. Through this examination of the literature, we illustrate the unique ability of fluorescence to characterize polymers in confined and complex geometries, providing insights into the influences of interfaces and nanostructure on material properties through sensitive, location-specific measurements. We conclude with a view toward future areas of research in which fluorescence has the potential to be impactful. Introduction to FluorescenceWhen a molecule absorbs energy via light, an electron is excited to a higher energy state, returning to the ground state through either radiative or nonradiative deactivation. This electronic excitation and return to the ground state is a combination of three photophysical processes: absorption, luminescence, and nonradiative decay. [33] Fluorescence is a luminescent process in which the excited-state electron returns to the ground state by emitting a photon, i.e., light. As shown in a simplified Jablonski Polymer CharacterizationCharacterization of polymers at the nanometer-length scale has become increasingly important with the growth and expansion of nanotechnology. Due to limitations of sensitivity and specificity that persist with traditional materials characterization techniques, there is a growing need to develop new tools to measure the properties of confined polymer systems. Within the past 20 years, fluorescence characterization techniques have emerged to address this challenge. This review focuses on the employment of fluorescence techniques such as temperature-and time-dependent steady-state intensity, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and nonradiative energy transfer to study polymer behavior at the nanoscale. Properties discussed include glass transition temperatur...

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“…One can imagine using such periodic structures to fabricate photonic crystals, metamaterials, or the lithographic mask for a memory storage device . By combining such self‐assembly with supplemental lithography techniques to direct the self‐assembly, even more complex nonperiodic morphologies are possible such as patterns needed for integrated circuits . If one of the polymers has a more rod‐like or semiflexible character, additional degrees of freedom are introduced that determine the morphology and average molecular orientation of the chain segments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the computational methodology of rigid rod and semiflexible polymer systems: A new solution to the wormlike chain model with rod‐coil copolymer calculations

Hannon

Kline

DeLongchamp

2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Jasiuk examine the broadening of glass transition in polymer nanocomposites. The cover image shows a bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the Aromatic thermosetting copolyester-Graphene Nanoplatelet (ATSP-GNP) nanocomposite. The ATSP fragments (darker) can be seen clinging to the GNP flakes (brighter), clearly displaying the extent of the effective attachment mechanism at the nanoscale.

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Advances in square arrays through self‐assembly and directed self‐assembly of block copolymers

Cited by 55 publications

References 90 publications

Cubosomes from hierarchical self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers

Cubosomes from hierarchical self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers

21st Century Advances in Fluorescence Techniques to Characterize Glass‐Forming Polymers at the Nanoscale

Advancing the computational methodology of rigid rod and semiflexible polymer systems: A new solution to the wormlike chain model with rod‐coil copolymer calculations

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