Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China

Wu, Guoxiong; Li, Zhanqing; Fu, Congbin; Zhang, Xiaoye; Zhang, Renyi; Zhang, Renhe; Zhou, Tianjun; Li, Minglu; Li, Jiandong; Zhou, Daonian; Wu, Liang; Zhou, Lian-Tong; He, Bian; Huang, Ronghui

doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5198-z

Cited by 167 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The vertical aerosol distributions and optical properties from our work facilitate more precise assessment of the direct and indirect aerosol effects in China on weather and climate Wu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The seasonal and spatial variations of vertical distribution and optical properties of aerosols over China are studied using long-term satellite observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and ground-based lidar observations and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data. The CALIOP products are validated using the ground-based lidar measurements at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL). The Taklamakan Desert and Tibetan Plateau regions exhibit the highest depolarization and color ratios because of the natural dust origin, whereas the North China Plain, Sichuan Basin and Yangtze River Delta show the lowest depolarization and color ratios because of aerosols from secondary formation of the anthropogenic origin. Certain regions, such as the North China Plain in spring and the Loess Plateau in winter, show intermediate depolarization and color ratios because of mixed dust and anthropogenic aerosols. In the Pearl River Delta region, the depolarization and color ratios are similar to but higher than those of the other polluted regions because of combined anthropogenic and marine aerosols. Long-range transport of dust in the middle and upper troposphere in spring is well captured by the CALIOP observations. The seasonal variations in the aerosol vertical distributions reveal efficient transport of aerosols from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free troposphere because of summertime convective mixing. The aerosol extinction lapse rates in autumn and winter are more positive than those in spring and summer, indicating trapped aerosols within the boundary layer because of stabler meteorological conditions. More than 80 % of the column aerosols are distributed within 1.5 km above the ground in winter, when the aerosol extinction lapse rate exhibits a maximum seasonal average in all study regions except for the Tibetan Plateau. The aerosol extinction lapse rates in the polluted regions are higher than those of the less polluted regions, indicating a stabilized atmosphere due to absorptive aerosols in the polluted regions. Our results reveal that the satellite and ground-based remote-sensing measurements provide the key information on the long-term seasonal and spatial variations in the aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties, regional aerosol types, long-range transport and atmospheric stability, which can be utilized to more precisely assess the direct and indirect aerosol effects on weather and climate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

et al. 2017

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“…It is well established, though, that sulfate (SO 4 2− ) is ubiquitous and is a key PM constituent in the atmosphere. Moreover, hygroscopic sulfate aerosols serve as efficient cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud formation, precipitation, and climate (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). A major fraction of regional acid deposition is attributed to the sulfate content that exerts debilitating effects on acid-sensitive ecosystems (9).…”

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Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Wang

Zhang

Gómez

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sulfate aerosols exert profound impacts on human and ecosystem health, weather, and climate, but their formation mechanism remains uncertain. Atmospheric models consistently underpredict sulfate levels under diverse environmental conditions. From atmospheric measurements in two Chinese megacities and complementary laboratory experiments, we show that the aqueous oxidation of SO 2 by NO 2 is key to efficient sulfate formation but is only feasible under two atmospheric conditions: on fine aerosols with high relative humidity and NH 3 neutralization or under cloud conditions. Under polluted environments, this SO 2 oxidation process leads to large sulfate production rates and promotes formation of nitrate and organic matter on aqueous particles, exacerbating severe haze development. Effective haze mitigation is achievable by intervening in the sulfate formation process with enforced NH 3 and NO 2 control measures. In addition to explaining the polluted episodes currently occurring in China and during the 1952 London Fog, this sulfate production mechanism is widespread, and our results suggest a way to tackle this growing problem in China and much of the developing world.sulfate aerosol | severe haze | pollution | human health | climate

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“…Also, aerosol-cloud interactions might modify temperature and moisture profiles and precipitation , leading to potential feedback on the atmospheric chemistry. Moreover, climate change also has potential impacts on the pollution conditions in China (Wu et al, 2016). Further studies are required to investigate the relationship of adjoint sensitivities' representation of emission source contribution under different weather conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of critical PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission sources and their contributions to a heavy haze episode in Beijing, China, using an adjoint model

Zhai¹,

Xu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Air pollution sources and their regional transport are important issues for air quality control. The Global-Regional Assimilation and Prediction System coupled with the China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment (GRAPES-CUACE) aerosol adjoint model was applied to detect the sensitive primary emission sources of a haze episode in Beijing occurring between 19 and 21 November 2012. The high PM 2.5 concentration peaks occurring at 05:00 and 23:00 LT (GMT+8) over Beijing on 21 November 2012 were set as the cost functions for the aerosol adjoint model. The critical emission regions of the first PM 2.5 concentration peak were tracked to the west and south of Beijing, with 2 to 3 days of cumulative transport of air pollutants to Beijing. The critical emission regions of the second peak were mainly located to the south of Beijing, where southeasterly moist air transport led to the hygroscopic growth of particles and pollutant convergence in front of the Taihang Mountains during the daytime on 21 November. The temporal variations in the sensitivity coefficients for the two PM 2.5 concentration peaks revealed that the response time of the onset of Beijing haze pollution from the local primary emissions is approximately 1-2 h and that from the surrounding primary emissions it is approximately 7-12 h. The upstream Hebei province has the largest impact on the two PM 2.5 concentration peaks, and the contribution of emissions from Hebei province to the first PM 2.5 concentration peak (43.6 %) is greater than that to the second PM 2.5 concentration peak (41.5 %). The second most influential province for the 05:00 LT PM 2.5 concentration peak is Beijing (31.2 %), followed by Shanxi (9.8 %), Tianjin (9.8 %), and Shandong (5.7 %). The second most influential province for the 23:00 LT PM 2.5 concentration peak is Beijing (35.7 %), followed by Shanxi (8.1 %), Shandong (8.0 %), and Tianjin (6.7 %). The adjoint model results were compared with the forward sensitivity simulations of the Models-3/CMAQ system. The two modeling approaches are highly comparable in their assessments of atmospheric pollution control schemes for critical emission regions, but the adjoint method has higher computational efficiency than the forward sensitivity method. The results also imply that critical regional emission reduction could be more efficient than individual peak emission control for improving regional PM 2.5 air quality.

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Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China

Cited by 167 publications

References 88 publications

Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Detection of critical PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission sources and their contributions to a heavy haze episode in Beijing, China, using an adjoint model

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Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China

Cited by 167 publications

References 88 publications

Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Detection of critical PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emission sources and their contributions to a heavy haze episode in Beijing, China, using an adjoint model

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Detection of critical PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission sources and their contributions to a heavy haze episode in Beijing, China, using an adjoint model