Advances in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Abstract

A lthough subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) comprises only 1% to 7% of all strokes, 1 the loss of productive life years in the general population from SAH is comparable to that of cerebral infarction 2 because of the relatively young age of onset and poor outcome in SAH. 1,3,4 However, unlike other stroke subtypes, the incidence of SAH exhibits little geographical variation and did not significantly change over the last decades. 1 In the most recent overview of 14 longitudinal and 23 case-control studies of risk factors for SAH published in English from 1966 through March 2005, 5 it was concluded that smoking, hypertension, and excessive alcohol are the most important risk factors for SAH. Exposure to these risk factors individually and/or in combination promotes formation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysm(s), 6 -8 a major cause of SAH. The consistency of the data across studies involving different designs and populations suggests that cigarette smoking and elevated blood pressure are causally related to SAH. 9 There is also evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAH. 10 Accumulating evidence suggest a temporal (seasonal and diurnal) pattern in the occurrence of SAH, 11,12 but reasons for these temporal patterns remain unclear. However, there is still lack of good quality population-based epidemiological studies on incidence, trends, and outcomes of SAH in different populations (especially from developing countries).

Reactive oxygen species modulate growth of cerebral aneurysms: a study using the free radical scavenger edaravone and p47phox−/− mice

“…1,2 CA is a relatively common disease with a prevalence ranging from 1 to 5% in a large autopsy series. 3 Despite its clinical and public importance, the detailed mechanisms of the initiation, progression and rupture of CAs remain to be elucidated, resulting in the absence of effective medical treatment for CAs.…”

Hubungan Pengobatan Stroke dengan Jenis Stroke dan Jumlah Jenis Obat

“…(Junaidi, 2006). Jika tidak ada upaya penanggulangan stroke yang lebih baik maka jumlah penderita stroke pada tahun 2020 diprediksikan akan meningkat 2 kali lipat (Feigin, 2006).…”

Neurogenic neuroprotection: Future perspectives

“…The protection of brain tissue after traumatic or ischemic events poses a current challenge for critical neurological care in medical centers worldwide [1][2][3][4][5]. The goal of neuroprotection is to preserve viable areas of brain tissue in the event of injury in order to restore performance to levels as close as possible to their original physiological functions.…”

“…Reduction of cellular metabolism and stimulation of trophic properties in these cells is conducive to achieving a new balance for cellular viability. To this end, many types of pharmacological and physical interventions have been employed in intensive care units [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, real benefits of the current treatments are far from ideal, particularly given the difficulties in inhibiting the inexorable cascade triggered by the initial event and in controlling the complications associated with treatment options [4].…”