Advances in the Applications of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites in Clean Energy Materials

Abstract

Extensive use of fossil fuels can lead to energy depletion and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to solve these problems by developing clean energy. Graphene materials own the advantages of high electrocatalytic activity, high conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, strong flexibility, large specific surface area and light weight, thus giving the potential to store electric charge, ions or hydrogen. Graphene-based nanocomposites have become new research hotspots in the field of energy storage and conversion, such as in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells and thermoelectric conversion. Graphene as a catalyst carrier of hydrogen fuel cells has been further modified to obtain higher and more uniform metal dispersion, hence improving the electrocatalyst activity. Moreover, it can complement the network of electroactive materials to buffer the change of electrode volume and prevent the breakage and aggregation of electrode materials, and graphene oxide is also used as a cheap and sustainable proton exchange membrane. In lithium-ion batteries, substituting heteroatoms for carbon atoms in graphene composite electrodes can produce defects on the graphitized surface which have a good reversible specific capacity and increased energy and power densities. In solar cells, the performance of the interface and junction is enhanced by using a few layers of graphene-based composites and more electron-hole pairs are collected; therefore, the conversion efficiency is increased. Graphene has a high Seebeck coefficient, and therefore, it is a potential thermoelectric material. In this paper, we review the latest progress in the synthesis, characterization, evaluation and properties of graphene-based composites and their practical applications in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells and thermoelectric conversion.

Recent Advances in Nanoscale Based Electrocatalysts for Metal-Air Battery, Fuel Cell and Water-Splitting Applications: An Overview

“…In the field of energy storage and conversion, graphene-based nanocomposites have emerged as a new research topic. Graphene has been further changed as a catalyst carrier for hydrogen fuel cells to provide a more excellent uniform metal dispersion, therefore enhancing the electrocatalyst activity [93]. The high-performance-based A-site layered (SmBaMnO 5+δ , SBM) perovskite has been synthesized by the combustion method.…”

Synthesis and applications of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites: Conventional to artificial intelligence approaches

“…(Chang et al, 2016). The chemical structure of GO is redrawn as shown in Figure 1 (Xiang et al, 2021).…”

“…Chemical structure of graphene oxide with its chemical analysis redrawn using ChemDraw ultra 12 (Xiang et al, 2021).…”

Insights into forming behavior and CO2 adsorption properties of graphene from Sargassum horneri by Fe(NO3)3/KOH activation

“…7 It has become highly desirable to develop a convenient and cost-effective technology for graphene synthesis, especially from waste biomass or non-fossil fuel. 8,9 Studies have shown that the activation process is a plausible graphene synthesis method, which can both increase the surface area and acquire well-developed porosity. 10,11 The conversion of the disordered structure of biochar into a graphite structure can be attributed to the carbide formation-decomposition mechanism.…”

“…However, they are still costly for on‐scale production owing to the high price of graphite and their unsustainable properties 7 . It has become highly desirable to develop a convenient and cost‐effective technology for graphene synthesis, especially from waste biomass or non‐fossil fuel 8,9 …”