Advances in the Assessment and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory and Domestic Animals

Flecknell, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.1994.tb00495.x

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, the results of the current study suggest a more uniform response in behaviour following surgery in the groups treated with pre‐operative NSAIDs, compared with the control group, which often displayed significantly variable scores. Within‐group pain score variability emphasizes the importance of pain assessment in individual animals following surgery, in order to tailor analgesia to the individual's requirements (Flecknell 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of carprofen and meloxicam for 72 hours following ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Leece

Brearley

Harding

2005

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of carprofen and meloxicam for 72 hours following ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Leece

Brearley

Harding

2005

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Repeated injections are time consuming and may be distressing to the animal, particularly to smaller species which require firm physical restraint to enable an injection to be given safely and effectively (Flecknell 1994). The im route seems to be most popular for administering medetomidine in cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing oral and intramuscular administration of medetomidine in cats

Ansah

Raekallio

Vainio

1998

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

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“…For ethical reasons, a rescue protocol with methadone was provided, but according to selected pain-scoring system there was no need to use it in any of the dogs. Validation of a pain assessment requires inclusion of animals, which received the anaesthetic but did not undergo any surgery, to determine the effects of anaesthesia in the absence of painful procedure (Flecknell 1994). However, to include such a group was not possible owing to the clinical nature of the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following parameters were recorded during anaesthesia: heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), oesophageal body temperature (T) and ECG (Hewlett Packard 78354A), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal CO 2 (ETCO 2 ), F E 'ISO and arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ; Ohmeda 5250 RGM), tidal volume of respiration (TV; mechanical volumetry, Dräger Tiberius 800). Measurements were taken at the following phases of surgery: baseline (1), skin incision (2), incision of abdominal wall (3), traction of left ovarian ligament (4), no surgical stimulation (5), traction of right ovarian ligament (6), suturing the abdominal wall (7), suturing the skin (8), end of the surgery (9), 15 minutes after the end of the surgery (10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and post-operative analgesic effects of carprofen in medetomidine premedicated dogs undergoing ovariectomy

Alenka¹,

Ana²,

Maja³

et al. 2005

Acta vet. (Beogr.)

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Intra- and post-operative analgesic effects of pre-operative administration of carprofen were investigated in 16 medetomidine-premedicated dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy. Dogs were randomly allocated into carprofen (n=8; 4 mg/kg, intramuscularly) or placebo group (n = 8). After medetomidine (1000 [xg/m2, intramuscularly) premedication, they were induced with propofol (1 mg/kg, intravenously) and maintained with isoflurane (FE'ISO 1.0 %) in 100% oxygen. During anaesthesia, the analgesia was assessed in terms of changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial blood pressure as a response to the surgery. Assessments of post-operative sedation (simple numerical rating scale) and pain (multifactorial pain scale) were made at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1,2,3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after the surgery. In addition, pulse rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were measured at the same time. During anaesthesia, lower heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial blood pressure and higher tidal volume of respiration were observed in the carprofen group. Post-operative pain score was relatively low in both groups of dogs, however it was higher, but not significantly, in the placebo group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of respiratory and pulse rate after surgery. The post-operative sedation score was higher in the placebo group only in the early post-operative period most probably due to misinterpretation of pain behaviour. Carprofen together with other anaesthetic drugs provided sufficient intra-operative analgesia only until major painful surgical stimulus occurred, after which analgesia had to be supplemented with a subanaesthetic dose of ketamine. Comparing to that analgesia was insufficient in the placebo group throughout the procedure. The post-operative pain scoring system was probably not sensitive enough to detect the differences between the groups; however, the effects of other drugs that extended in the post-operative period may be responsible for a low postoperative pain score in both groups of dogs

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Advances in the Assessment and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory and Domestic Animals

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Comparison of carprofen and meloxicam for 72 hours following ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Comparison of carprofen and meloxicam for 72 hours following ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Comparing oral and intramuscular administration of medetomidine in cats

Intra- and post-operative analgesic effects of carprofen in medetomidine premedicated dogs undergoing ovariectomy

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