Advances in the control of vaccine preventable diseases in Ethiopia

Wondwossen, Liya; Gallagher, Kathleen; Braka, Fiona; Karengera, Thomas

doi:10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.27.2.12701

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine-preventable diseases and it averts 2 to 3 million deaths annually [ 1 ]. World Health Organization (WHO) launched an expanded program of immunization (EPI) in 1974 to all its members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of immunization coverage among 12–23 month old children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background Immunization is one of modern medicine’s greatest achievements in the last three decades. Annually it can prevent nearly 2 to 3 million deaths. Understanding the determinants of effective immunization coverage is a critical undertaking. Accordingly, we set out to check the best available evidence of outstanding predictors of immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia. Method Electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and SCOPUS, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Ethiopian Medical Journals were searched. The search process, study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction were done independently by two reviewers using Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-analysis for Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). The difference between reviewers was resolved with a third person. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Tool for observational studies. Data were extracted using the Microsoft Excel checklist and exported to STATA 13. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, Funnel plot and Egger’s test was used to check for publication bias. Results We identified 26 studies with 15,042 children with mothers/caretakers to assess factors associated with immunization coverage and significant factors were: maternal formal education, (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.62–3.72), paternal formal education, (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.27–3.77), residence, (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.00–4.45), birth at health facility (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.99–3.49), family size less than four, (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.16–2.84), knowledge on age of immunization to be completed (OR = 6.18;95% CI: 3.07–12.43), knowledge on immunization schedule (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.35–4.59), time to travel to health faculties, (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 0.62–4.89), antennal care, (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.64–5.88), and tetanus toxoid vaccination, (OR = 4.82; 95% CI: 2.99–7.75). Conclusion Our findings showed that literacy, residence, awareness, family size, maternal health services use, and proximity of the health facilities were factors associated with full immunization. This implies that there is a need for primary health service expansion and health education to “hard to reach areas” to improve immunization coverage for children aged 12–23 months.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of immunization coverage among 12–23 month old children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Immunization is one of the cost-effective public health interventions, and can be used to limit life threatening childhood illnesses like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis virus, measles, mumps, pneumonia, polio virus and rotavirus [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization coverage in Ethiopia among 12–23 month old children: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Immunization is a cost-effective public health strategy. Immunization averts nearly three million deaths annually but immunization coverage is low in some countries and some regions within countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess pooled immunization coverage in Ethiopia. Method: A systematic search was done from PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINARI, and SCOPUS, WHO's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS), African Journals Online databases, grey literature and reviewing reference lists of already identified articles. A checklist from the Joanna Briggs Institute was used for appraisal. The I 2 was used to assess heterogeneity among studies. Funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of immunization among 12-23 month old children using STATA 13 software. Result: Twenty eight articles were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample size of 20,048 children (12-23 months old). The pooled prevalence of immunization among 12-23 month old children in Ethiopia was found to be 47% (95%, CI: 46.0, 47.0). A subgroup analysis by region indicated the lowest proportion of immunized children in the Afar region, 21% (95%, CI: 18.0, 24.0) and the highest in the Amhara region, 89% (95%, CI: 85.0, 92.0). Conclusion: Nearly 50% of 12-23 month old children in Ethiopia were fully vaccinated according to this systematic review and meta-analysis this indicates that the coverage, is still low with a clear disparity among regions. Our finding suggests the need for mobile and outreach immunization services for hard to reach areas, especially pastoral and semi-pastoral regions. In addition, more research may be needed to get more representative data for all regions.

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“…Despite the government’s improvement measures in Ethiopia—such as the Reach Every District (RED) approach and health extension programme—full immunization coverage in the country remained very low at 33.3% for all age-appropriate vaccinations, including three doses of PCV and two doses of RVV. In addition, there is marked heterogeneity of the vaccination coverage across different regions of the country [10, 14–16]. In Ethiopia, studies that were conducted to identify factors associated with immunization coverage among children commonly focused on full immunization coverage [17–19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the uptake of newly introduced childhood vaccinations in Ethiopia: the cases of rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

et al. 2019

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BackgroundChildhood immunization programmes have made substantial contributions to lowering the burden of disease among children in developing countries, however a large proportion of children still remain unimmunized. This study aimed to explore the determinants of rotavirus vaccine (RVV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) uptake in Ethiopia.MethodsThe 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey dataset was used in this analysis. A total of 2004 children aged 12–23 months were included in the analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify the determinants of uptake of the complete schedules of RVV (two doses) and PCV (three doses). Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsThe uptakes of the complete schedules of RVV and PCV among children aged 12–23 months were 56 and 49.1%, respectively. The likelihood of immunization with the complete schedule of RVV was significantly lower among children from the relatively poor Afar region in Ethiopia (AOR 0.16; 95%-CI 0.04–0.61). Similarly, children living in not only the Afar region (AOR 0.10; 95%-CI 0.03–0.38), but also the Gambela region (AOR 0.25; 95%-CI 0.08–0.83), were less likely to be vaccinated with PCV. On the other hand, children from more wealthy households had higher odds of vaccination with RVV (AOR 1.69; 95%-CI 1.04–2.75). Also attending antenatal care (ANC) was found to be significantly associated with uptake of the complete schedule of RVV and PCV.ConclusionsThe uptake of RVV and PCV is suboptimal in Ethiopia. The uptake of the vaccines were found to be associated with region, ANC use and wealth status.

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Advances in the control of vaccine preventable diseases in Ethiopia

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Predictors of immunization coverage among 12–23 month old children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Predictors of immunization coverage among 12–23 month old children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Immunization coverage in Ethiopia among 12–23 month old children: systematic review and meta-analysis

Factors associated with the uptake of newly introduced childhood vaccinations in Ethiopia: the cases of rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

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