Advances in the development of molecularly imprinted polymers for the separation and analysis of proteins with liquid chromatography

Abstract

This review documents recent advances in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of molecularly imprinted polymers in the form of monoliths and particles/beads for the use in the separation and analysis of proteins with solid‐phase extraction or liquid chromatography. The merits of three‐dimensional molecular imprinting, whereby the molecular template is randomly embedded in the polymer, and two‐dimensional imprinting, in which the template is confined to the surface, are described. Target protein binding can be achieved by either using the entire protein as a template or by using a protein substructure as template, that is, a peptide, as in the "epitope" approach. The intended approach and strategy then determine the choice of polymerization method. A synopsis has been provided on methods used for the physical, chemical, and functional characterizations and associated performance evaluations of molecularly imprinted and nonimprinted control polymers, involving a diverse range of analytical techniques commonly used for low and high molecular mass analytes. Examples of recent applications demonstrate that, due to the versatility of imprinting methods, molecularly imprinted monoliths or particles/beads can be adapted to protein extraction/depletion and separation procedures relevant to, for example, protein biomarker detection and quantification in biomedical diagnostics and targeted proteomics.

Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Selective Biological Recognition

“…Epitope imprinting are introduced in detail in the above‐mentioned protein imprinting . Owing to amphiphilic and high molecular weight of polysaccharides, it is difficult to prepare MIPs by using the entire polysaccharides as a template.…”

“…[168] "Epitope" Imprinting: Epitope imprinting are introduced in detail in the abovementioned protein imprinting. [169,170] Owing to amphiphilic and high molecular weight of poly saccharides, it is difficult to prepare MIPs by using the entire poly saccharides as a template. Therefore, similar method, "epitope" imprinting, was introduced into polysaccharides imprinting.…”

Selective extraction of fungicide carbendazim in fruits using β‐cyclodextrin based molecularly imprinted polymers

“…Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are template‐oriented synthesized receptors with unique cavities delineated to the template that can rebind that specific analyte in heterogeneous and intricate matrices . These artificial polymers are produced by copolymerization of a template with a functional monomer with the help of a cross‐linker . The inherent significant advantages including high selectivity and sensitivity , versatile applications , reusability, physicochemical stability , and cost‐efficiency which provide optimum abilities to MIPs, to be used as sorbents in trace‐level pesticide's residue detection .…”

Modeling rapid and selective capture of nNOS–PSD-95 uncouplers from Sanhuang Xiexin decoction by novel molecularly imprinted polymers based on metal–organic frameworks

“…Recently, the developments of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) most likely benet the study of active components. [22][23][24] Molecular imprinting technology (MIT), imprinting the template molecule onto a substrate and leaving it with specic recognition sites that match the imprinted molecule in three dimensions, 25 has shown great advantages such as strong resistance to harsh environments, good stability, low cost and easy synthesis, and superior adsorption capacity, and has been applied in natural medicine metabolism analysis, 26 proteins separation, 27 environmental surveillance, 28 immunoassay, 29 biosensors, 30 and simulated enzyme catalysis. 31 Therefore, MIPs can be used as articial receptors to capture new nNOS-PSD-95 uncouplers.…”