Advances in the Diagnosis of Wound Vitality

Hernández-Cueto, C.; Girela, E.; Sweet, David

doi:10.1097/00000433-200003000-00004

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As skin covers the outer surface of the body, it is the most vulnerable part, and dermal wound age is a critical issue in routine forensic autopsies. Inflammatory cell dynamics [1] and enzyme activities, such as ATPase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase [10] are still applied to wound age estimation. Analyses of cytokine expressions in murine skin and immunohistochemical detection in human skin have also been reported, and their usefulness for dermal wound age estimation has been suggested [9,16,22,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation

et al. 2007

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We performed quantification of IL 2, IL 4, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, GM-CSF, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha in human dermal wounds for wound age estimation. The proliferation of dermal cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also analyzed. Neutrophils and macrophages were detected from 2 h post-injury, and strong infiltrations were seen at 33-49 h. T and B lymphocytes also infiltrated simultaneously from 71 h. Strong proliferation of fibroblasts were shown from 246 h, and thickening of the epidermis from 71 h. IL 10, GM-CSF, IFNgamma, and TNF alpha increased from the early phase of dermal wound healing, IL 6 exclusively in the middle phase, IL 2, IL 4, and IL 8 from the middle phase to the late phase. Among the cytokines analyzed in the present study, IL 6, IL 8, IFNgamma, and TNF alpha were strongly expressed. Results of the present study suggest that multiplex cytokine analysis at the wound site can be useful for wound age estimation. In addition, multiplex data obtained from the same sample with a single method would demonstrate more accurate interactions of cytokines during dermal wound healing. Although the present study was oriented to practical forensic pathology, the data obtained would be informative for various fields of medicine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation

et al. 2007

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“…The evolution of human skin lesions with time, and therefore, the relationships between the aspect of lesions and the time from trauma to death, is a major problem in forensic medicine, which is addressed on the basis of the normal wound healing process [1,2]. Histamine levels in skin vary appreciably early after wounding [3,4]; in particular, they increase significantly between 5 min and 3 h after trauma and decrease afterwards until 24 h [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early increase in TNF-alpha-containing mast cells in skin lesions

et al. 2005

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We have evaluated the numbers and immunohistochemical positivity for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha of the mast cells in (a) 40 skin samples collected at autopsy from subjects who had survived for a few seconds to 1 h, (b) 10 samples of post-mortem skin lesions and (c) 10 surgical biopsies of healthy skin. Sections were treated with fluoresceinated avidin, to tag mast cell granules, followed by indirect immunohistochemistry for TNF-alpha with polyclonal primary and rhodaminated secondary antibodies. We could confirm a progressive increase in mast cell numbers, which became significant 1 h after trauma. More important, the fraction of mast cells positive for TNF-alpha increased progressively in the same time period and became significantly higher than controls in specimens collected more than 15 min after trauma. Samples from post-mortem lesions had significantly fewer mast cells and fewer TNF-alpha-positive cells than any other group of samples. The results suggest that mast cells are quickly recruited to an injured site in response to trauma and upregulate their TNF-alpha content, which can play an early role in directing tissue response to injury. The forensic pathologist can take advantage from this behavior of mast cells for the evaluation of the timing of early vital lesions.

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“…For the discrimination of antemortem and postmortem wounds, various methods have been reported (Bonelli et al 2003, Ortiz-Rey et al 2003, Baroldi et al 2001, Hernandez-Cueto et al 2000, Ortmann et al 2000. Bonelli et al showed that the detection of mast cells with immunohistochemical techniques can lead to a high level of discrimination between antemortem and postmortem lesions, and Ortiz-Rey et al analyzed the expression of fibronectin and tenascin in wounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of a latex agglutination assay for FDP D-dimer to demonstrate the presence of postmortem blood

et al. 2005

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D-dimer, a specific fragment resulting from degradation of cross-linked fibrin, is an essential marker for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Rapid assay for D-dimer using monoclonal antibody coated-latex particles might be useful for discriminating between postmortem and antemortem blood in bloodstains. We tried to detect D-dimer in nine postmortem blood samples by the rapid latex agglutination assay and to quantify them automatically using the latex photometric immunoassay system. The results showed that all samples were positive and that their amounts of D-dimer were 335-2,800 microg/ml (the normal blood level, <1 microg/ml; the pathogenic blood level with DIC, 1-100 microg/ml). Next, nine stains made of postmortem blood were examined by the rapid latex agglutination assay. The result showed that only one case (D-dimer 335 microg/ml blood) showed weak positive while the others (D-dimer 600-2,800 microg/ml blood) were positive. The present study indicates that the latex agglutination assay for D-dimer can be useful to demonstrate the presence of postmortem blood.

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Advances in the Diagnosis of Wound Vitality

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation

Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation

Early increase in TNF-alpha-containing mast cells in skin lesions

Usefulness of a latex agglutination assay for FDP D-dimer to demonstrate the presence of postmortem blood

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