Advances in the Fate of Rare Earth Elements, REE, in Transitional Environments: Coasts and Estuaries

Arienzo, Michele; Ferrara, Luciano; Trifuoggi, Marco; Toscanesi, Maria

doi:10.3390/w14030401

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…The natural REE concentrations in seawater are usually very low (10 −6 – 10 −9 g/L), increasing several order of magnitude in sites impacted by anthropogenic sources such as the discharge of industrial wastewater and e-waste leachates (Arienzo et al 2022 ). For example, values of 130–152 μg REEs/L were reported in surface waters in areas affected by mining activities (Liang et al 2014 ), which are in line with the range of concentrations of the present study, highlighting the potential of the approach to remediate contaminated environments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly methodology for removing and recovering rare earth elements from saline industrial wastewater

Viana

Ferreira

Tavares

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied with a Box–Behnken design to optimize the biosorption (removal and bioconcentration) of rare earth elements (REEs) (Y, La, Ce Eu, Gd, Tb) by living Ulva sp. from diluted industrial wastewaters (also containing Pt and the classic contaminants Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, and Cd). Element concentration (A: 10–190 μg/L), wastewater salinity (B: 15–35), and Ulva sp. dosage (C: 1.0–5.0 g/L) were the operating parameters chosen for optimization. Analysis of the Box–Behnken central point confirmed the reproducibility of the methodology and p-values below 0.0001 validated the developed mathematical models. The largest inter-element differences were observed at 24 h, with most REEs, Cu, Pb and Hg showing removals ≥ 50 %. The factor with the greatest impact (positive) on element removal was the initial seaweed dosage (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The optimal conditions for REEs removal were an initial REEs concentration of 10 μg/L, at a wastewater salinity of 15, and an Ulva sp. dosage of 5.0 g/L, attaining removals up to 88 % in 24 h. Extending the time to 96 h allowed seaweed dosage to be reduced to 4.2 g/L while achieving removals ≥ 90 %. The high concentrations in REE-enriched biomass (∑REEs of 3222 μg/g), which are up to 3000 times higher than those originally found in water and exceed those in common ores, support their use as an alternative source of these critical raw materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly methodology for removing and recovering rare earth elements from saline industrial wastewater

Viana

Ferreira

Tavares

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The transition from traditional to greener energy sources (e.g., wind turbines) and countless high-tech devices rely on rare-earth elements (REE), whose mining and processing are environmentally unfriendly [1]. Increasing REE concentrations in water bodies due to ineffective treatment in wastewater treatment plants and leaching from untreated e-waste have been reported worldwide [2]. Recent studies have shown that REE have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, underscoring the importance of removing these emerging contaminants from water [3].…”

Section: Extended Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Rare Earths from Contaminated Water by Natural Marine Sponges: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Henriques¹,

Lapo²,

Sousa³

et al. 2023

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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“…Of these, Ce, La and Nd are the most abundant REE on the planet (Wall 2014). Moreoevr, REE are categorized as critical resource materials of modern industry, and so are extremely important constituents for high technology industrial applications (Arienzo et al 2022). However, REE toxicity with regard to commercial plant species in terms of growth reduction, chlorosis, photosynthesis disruption, and eventually plant death, has been reported (Zhang et al 2023).…”

Section: Heavy Metals (Hm) and Rare Earth Elements (Ree)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements and rare earth elements by perennial plants in floating wetlands

Mohsin

2023

Diss. For.

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The impact of urbanization, industrialization, agriculture, mining, and stormwater runoff on ecosystems has resulted in significant water pollution concerns worldwide. Significant attention has been paid to the removal of potentially toxic elements (PTE) and metalloids (e.g., arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and lead (Pb)) by various plant species. However, little research has been published on the simultaneous accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nutrient removal, by floating treatment wetlands (FTW), from stormwater runoff, and the accumulation and recovery of rare earth elements (REE) through energy biomass cultivation. This research bridges knowledge gaps in the remediation of REE using short-rotation willow (Salix spp.) and simulated stormwater remediation of Cd and Cr with Phragmites australis and Iris pseudacorus. In this context, three different microcosm experiments were conducted with perennial plants (P. australis and I. pseudacorus) in FTW. Stem growth, dry biomass, root length, chlorophyll content index (CCI), anatomical plant tissue changes, Cd accumulation and N and P removal from simulated stormwater were investigated over a 50-days period under different Cd doses (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L−1). In addition, the effects of Cr dose (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 μg L−1) on the growth and anatomy of P. australis and I. pseudacorus, as well as on the accumulation of Cr in plant biomass and N and P removal were studied in FTW over a 50-day period. In addition, the effects of REE doses on stem growth, dry biomass, root length and their accumulation in biomass were investigated in two Salix species (S. myrsinifolia and S. schwerinii) and two cultivars (Klara and Karin) in FTW over a 28-day period. The REE treatments contained a single-dose of lanthanum (La: 50 mg L−1), multi-solute of six-REE (La: 11.50 mg L−1 + yttrium (Y: 11 mg L−1) + neodymium (Nd: 10.50 mg L−1) + dysprosium (Dy: 10) + cerium (Ce: 12 mg L−1) + terbium (Tb: 11.50 mg L−1)) and control (without REE). Moreover, REE recovery from biomass ash after combustion was investigated. In this study, P. australis and I. pseudacorus growth parameters were not hampered by Cd stress, their roots accumulated more Cd than the shoots and were capable of lowering N and P concentrations. The impact of Cr was more evident on plant growth under the low- and medium doses (500 and 1000 μg Cr L−1). However, anatomical changes were observed under the high dose (2000 μg Cr L−1, respectively). Both species were able to remove a substantial (98−99%) concentration of N and P within a 10-day period of increased Cr loading. The greatest amount of Cr was retained in P. australis and I. pseudacorus roots. Salix species and cultivars did not show REE toxicity symptoms and displayed a strong growth response compared to the control. All Salix accumulated REE in their biomass, although the greatest amounts of accumulated REE were found in the roots of the Klara and Karin cultivars. The substantial deposition of Cd and Cr in the roots of P. australis and I. pseudacorus, and REE in the Salix roots show their phytostabilization potential. Approximately 80% of the REE was retained in the Salix ash following combustion of the biomass at 1000 °C. The findings in this research reveal that these perennial plants could be suitable candidates to control the runoff from Cd, Cr and REE affected waterbodies into freshwater resources through immobilization aligned with efficient biomass production.

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Advances in the Fate of Rare Earth Elements, REE, in Transitional Environments: Coasts and Estuaries

Cited by 31 publications

References 217 publications

Eco-friendly methodology for removing and recovering rare earth elements from saline industrial wastewater

Eco-friendly methodology for removing and recovering rare earth elements from saline industrial wastewater

Removal of Rare Earths from Contaminated Water by Natural Marine Sponges: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements and rare earth elements by perennial plants in floating wetlands

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