Advances in the immunodiagnosis of parasitic infections

Kagan, Irving G.

doi:10.1007/bf00348533

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, all immunoassay methods currently employed show some limitations (21). The major drawbacks of the conventional ELISA are its high cost, time taken to complete the test, requirement of sophisticated equipment, and utilization of the large amounts of the reagents (22,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several immunoassay techniques have been developed and applied in the food industry for detecting the naturally occurring constituents, antibiotics, pesticide residues, and microorganisms (20). However, all immunoassay methods currently employed show some limitations (21). The major drawbacks of the conventional ELISA are its high cost, time taken to complete the test, requirement of sophisticated equipment, and utilization of the large amounts of the reagents (22,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dot‐Elisa for the rapid detection of gentamicin in milk

Ara

Gans

Sweeney

et al. 1995

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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A dipstick dot-ELISA for the detection of gentamicin in milk of dairy cattle is reported for the first time. The test is based on a sandwich ELISA using high affinity monoclonal antibodies to gentamicin. Antibodies were adsorbed to nitrocellulose filters, blocked, dried, and stored for several weeks before use. The dipstick ELISA detected gentamicin at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml and produced strongly positive results at 0.2 microgram-0.3 microgram/ml. This ELISA is highly specific and no false positives were detected when tested against various aminoglycoside analogs including streptomycin, kanamycin, bekanamycin, amikacin, neomycin, and tobramycin. Further, the elimination in cow milk of gentamicin residues following intramammary administration of the drug was studied in two dairy cattle using dot-ELISA. Milk gentamicin levels were detected at post injection hours up to 120 hr in each of the two dairy cattle. It therefore, appears that gentamicin residues can still be detected in milk after 5 days using dot-ELISA. Based on the simplicity of performance and the economical nature of the test system, dipstick is recommended as a suitable method for wide scale use in field studies and diagnostic laboratories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dot‐Elisa for the rapid detection of gentamicin in milk

Ara

Gans

Sweeney

et al. 1995

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…The serological tests that have been used for the diagnosis of ruminant schistosomiasis include the miracidial Immobilisation test (9), indirect fluorescent antibody technique (16), the haemagglutination test (23) and complement-fixation test (7). Despite their high sensitivity, the reliability of many of these serodiagnostic tests, which are often done with crude antigens, is seriously diminished because of the possession of common antigens by various helminths (1, 2,14,19,20,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is overwhelming evidence that one major problem in the immunodiagnosis of helminth infections is that of the cross-reactivity of the antigens (1, 14,17,19,20,22,26), it is often assumed that this cross-reactivity is peculiar to crude antigens and would be removed by purification. It seems, however, that gel chromatography may not achieve the degree of purification needed to seperate species-specific antigens from the crude extracts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Common antigens ofFasciola gigantica, Dicrocoelium hospesandSchistosoma bovisand their relevance to serology

Fagbemi

Obarisiagbon

1991

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…The serological test most commonly used for diagnosis of leishmaniasis has been an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (1,9,21). Although the major parasitoses infect millions of people in the world, technical expertise in the use of diagnostic tests is currently very limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania major-Like Antigen for Specific and Sensitive Serodiagnosis of Human and Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Barbosa-de-Deus

Mares-Guia

Nunes

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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An antigen (LMS) prepared from Leishmania major-like promastigotes was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of human and dog visceral leishmaniasis. The results were compared with those from the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). A total of 1,822 canine sera were tested, including sera from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, transmissible venereal tumors, ehrlichiosis, rickettsiosis, or Chagas' disease and sera from healthy dogs. The antigen was also tested with 227 samples of human sera, including sera from patients with visceral, cutaneous, or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and from noninfected individuals, as well as sera from patients with Chagas' disease, toxoplasmosis, rickettsiosis, hepatitis B, schistosomiasis, ascaridiasis, malaria, rheumatoid factor, leprosy and rheumatoid factor, tuberculosis, or leprosy. All dogs and all human patients had a clinical and/or serological and/or parasitological diagnosis. For detecting antibodies in sera from dogs with leishmaniasis, the antigen showed a sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 95%, and concordance of 93% and when used for detecting antibodies in human sera presented a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 100%, and concordance of 92%. Comparison between ELISA and IFAT demonstrated that ELISA using the LMS antigen yielded more reliable results than IFAT. The LMS antigen displayed no cross-reactivity with sera from patients or dogs that had any of the other diseases tested.Leishmaniasis comprises a spectrum of diseases widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, ranging in severity from self-healing skin lesions to severely mutilating mucocutaneous involvement or visceral infections (kala-azar) caused by the protozoan hemoflagellate Leishmania. The leishmanial diseases, except for cutaneous leishmaniasis, have a lengthy incubation period, an insidious onset, and a chronic course. Kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is characterized by irregular fever, progressive enlargement of the spleen and liver, leukopenia with marked neutropenia, anemia, emaciation, and discoloration of the skin. Leishmanial infections are accompanied by a dramatic humoral response against some forms of leishmania. A marked increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and, to a lesser extent, IgM is the common feature in the majority of kala-azar patient sera (17).The antigens used in immunodiagnosis consist of a repertoire of at least 30 somatic antigens and an unknown number of surface components, and the existence of both heterospecific antigens and specific parasite antigens has been established (23, 27). As a result, to date most immunodiagnostic methods have been hampered by the problem of cross-reactivities of species within a family as well as with phylogenetically distant microorganisms (4,22,23,31,35). The problem is further complicated in geographical areas where different forms of leishmaniasis and trypanosomal infections occur simultaneously (27).The serological test most commonly used for diagnosis of leishmani...

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Advances in the immunodiagnosis of parasitic infections

Cited by 45 publications

References 92 publications

Dot‐Elisa for the rapid detection of gentamicin in milk

Dot‐Elisa for the rapid detection of gentamicin in milk

Common antigens ofFasciola gigantica, Dicrocoelium hospesandSchistosoma bovisand their relevance to serology

Leishmania major-Like Antigen for Specific and Sensitive Serodiagnosis of Human and Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

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