Advances in the numerical investigation of the immersion quenching process

Zhang, D S; Kopun, Rok; Kosir, Nejc; Edelbauer, Wilfried

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/164/1/012004

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Realistically we could also account for the air as a distinct phase. Nevertheless, we consider the air to have identical properties with water vapour, as have been done in many previous studies without a lack of generality or accuracy [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, notice that many heat transfer correlations are based on experimental results, including the radiation impact. For this study, we follow previous research and neglect its effect [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In future work, we might include thermal radiation modelling when the wall heat transfer coefficient is correlated via the incorporation of the quenching tank and calculation of view factors.…”

Section: Wall Boilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limit places restrictions on resolving the computational domain's geometrical features where the CoVs would have to be smaller than the presented particle. The matter, however, seems to be rarely discussed or followed in the literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]28]. The reason might be the limit's forgiving behaviour.…”

Section: Mesh Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inadequate cooling can cause samples to distort and crack, resulting from thermal stress developed due to significant temperature gradients [4]. Despite the fact that there have been several research papers dedicated to computational techniques for immersion quenching [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], improvements are still necessary. The manufacturing industry would greatly benefit from a well-functioning, accurate, and efficient computational technique that predicts the temperature profile of the solid during the quenching process and the resulting mechanical stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further work with AVL FIRE considered separate energy equations for gas and liquid phases [14]. Nonetheless, the thermal homogeneous assumption was applied, with the interfacial phase heat transfer coefficient set to a very high value which homogenised the equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Film Boiling Conjugate Heat Transfer during Immersion Quenching

Kamenický

Frank²,

Drikakis

et al. 2022

Energies

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Boiling conjugate heat transfer is an active field of research encountered in several industries, including metallurgy, power generation and electronics. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics approach capable of accurately modelling the heat transfer and flow phenomena during immersion quenching: a process in which a hot solid is immersed into a liquid, leading to sudden boiling at the solid–liquid interface. The adopted methodology allows us to couple solid and fluid regions with very different physics, using partitioned coupling. The energy equation describes the solid, while the Eulerian two-fluid modelling approach governs the fluid’s behaviour. We focus on a film boiling heat transfer regime, yet also consider natural convection, nucleate and transition boiling. A detailed overview of the methodology is given, including an analytical description of the conjugate heat transfer between all three phases. The latter leads to the derivation of a fluid temperature and Biot number, considering both fluid phases. These are then employed to assess the solver’s behaviour. In comparison with previous research, additional heat transfer regimes, extra interfacial forces and separate energy equations for each fluid phase, including phase change at their interface, are employed. Finally, the validation of the computational approach is conducted against published experimental and numerical results.

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Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wall Boilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mesh Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Film Boiling Conjugate Heat Transfer during Immersion Quenching

Kamenický

Frank²,

Drikakis

et al. 2022

Energies

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Numerical modelling of the Water-Quenching Process validated through experiments with IN718 Nickel-Based Superalloy

Kamenicky,

Rahimi,

Violatos

et al. 2024

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Numerical Model of Simultaneous Multi-Regime Boiling Quenching of Metals

González-Melo,

Rodríguez-Rodríguez,

Hernández-Morales

et al. 2024

JMMP

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This work presents a heat transfer and boiling model that computes the evolution of the temperature field in a representative steel workpiece quenched from 850 or 930 °C by immersion in water flowing at average velocities of 0.2 or 0.6 m/s, respectively. Under these conditions, all three boiling regimes were present during cooling: stable vapor film, nucleate boiling, and single-phase convection. The model was based on the numerical solution of the heat conduction equation coupled to the solution of the energy and momentum equations for water. The mixture phase approach was adopted using the Lee model to compute the rates of water evaporation–condensation. Heat flux at the wall was calculated for all regimes using a single semi-mechanistic model. Therefore, the evolution of boiling regimes at every position on the wall surface was automatically determined. Predictions were validated using laboratory results, namely: (a) videorecording the upward motion of the wetting front along the workpiece wall surface; and (b) cooling curves obtained with embedded thermocouples in the steel probe. Wall heat flux calculations were used to determine the importance of the simultaneous presence of all three boiling regimes on the heat flux distribution. It was found that this simultaneous presence leads to high heat flux variations that should be avoided in production lines. In addition, it was determined that the corresponding inverse heat conduction problem to estimate the active heat transfer boundary condition must be set-up for 2D heat flow.

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Advances in the numerical investigation of the immersion quenching process

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Film Boiling Conjugate Heat Transfer during Immersion Quenching

Film Boiling Conjugate Heat Transfer during Immersion Quenching

Numerical modelling of the Water-Quenching Process validated through experiments with IN718 Nickel-Based Superalloy

Numerical Model of Simultaneous Multi-Regime Boiling Quenching of Metals

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