Advances in the preparation of hydrogel for wastewater treatment: A concise review

Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wastewater Treatment: A Concise Review

“…Synthetic and natural hydrogels Heavy metal Selectivity, efficiency, and reusability [57] Synthetic and natural hydrogels Heavy metal Factors of adsorption and detection of metal [58] Synthetic and natural hydrogels Aqueous pollutants including dye, heavy metals, and anions Adsorption kinetics, regeneration, and reusability [49] Synthetic and natural hydrogels Dye, heavy metal, radioactive materials, pesticides Adoption properties, kinetics, isotherm, mechanism, factors, recycling, and recovery [59] Synthetic and natural hydrogels Dye and metal Synthesis, mechanism, modification of adsorbents, and kinetics [60] Acrylic-based hydrogels Dye and heavy metals Preparation and adsorption properties of different acrylic-based HG [61] Hybrid hydrogels Metal, radionuclides, anions, acid phenol ammonium Adsorption properties [62] Composite hydrogels Dye Adsorption properties of different types of composite hydrogels [63] Cellulose-based hydrogel Dye and metal Preparation, adsorption mechanisms, and factors affecting adsorption capacity This paper…”

“…However, the degree of crystallinity negatively impacts the adsorption capacity and swelling ratio due to the reduced pore size and rigidity of polymer chains [61]. In addition, crosslinking agents and the higher crosslinking density engage some binding sites of the adsorbent; therefore, there should be a balance between maintaining the required mechanical strength and maximizing the adsorption capacity [60,61]. The chemical path of crosslinking can be achieved in the following ways.…”

“…Here, for the initiation step, a free radical is generated from the initiator such as potassium persulphate (KPS), tetramethylene-diamine (TEMED), ammonium persulfate (APS), etc., in the presence of some conditions in term of light, pressure, temperature, and radiations. In propagation, polymer chain growth occurs, and the crosslinker reacts with the growing polymer chain, randomly leading to forming a 3D network structure, followed by the termination of the polymerization via combination or disproportion [49,60,61]. Cellulose-graft-acrylic acid (C-g-AA) HGs are prepared via free-radical polymerization in 85% phosphoric acid solution in the presence of 50 mg ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and 10 mg N,N -methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker.…”

Uncommon Sorption Mechanism of Aromatic Compounds onto Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Chitosan/Maleic Anhydride-β-Cyclodextrin Hydrogels

“…Besides, we cannot neglect that PAHs contain aromatic rings with π-acceptor and π-donor properties that are charged at environmental pH. Thus PAHs compounds are electron-rich and interact strongly with π-accepting sites of adsorbents that are electron-deficient [70]. Here, nitrogen groups present in chitosan (from units of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose and residual 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose) can act as π-accepting sites for PAHs and BTXs compounds [70].…”

Light and Hydrogels: A New Generation of Antimicrobial Materials

“…Their tunable mechanical and rheological properties, their sensitivity towards external stimuli and their ability to provide a moist environment and high levels of biocompatibility make them particularly interesting materials in the pharmaceutical and biomedical worlds [ 34 , 37 , 38 ]. Their extensive usage ranges from tissue engineering [ 39 , 40 ], wound dressing [ 37 , 41 , 42 ], antibacterial coatings [ 43 , 44 , 45 ], contact lenses [ 46 , 47 ], drug delivery systems [ 48 , 49 ], super-absorbents [ 35 , 50 , 51 ], biomedical implants [ 52 ] as well as a great number of other therapeutic applications [ 34 , 53 ], to miscellaneous applications such as biosensors [ 54 ], microelectromechanical devices [ 35 ], electrical conduction [ 55 ], energy storage devices [ 56 , 57 ], purification of water and decontamination of organic waste [ 50 , 56 , 58 , 59 ], food and agricultural applications [ 60 ].…”