Advances in the understanding of malignant transformation of keratinocytes: an immunohistochemical study

Abstract

We suggest that alterations in the immunodefence mechanisms have an important role in the transformation of AK into SCC, and that these changes affect not only lymphocytes, but also professional (i.e., Langerhans cells) and non-professional (i.e., keratinocytes) antigen presenting cells.

Expression of p53, bcl-2 and growth hormone receptor in atrophic type of actinic keratosis

“…Our earlier investigation in HAK also determined BCL-2 in all investigated AK specimens, which also showed no statistical difference compared to NS [6]. According to previous investigations, biological behavior of AK is connected with increased cell proliferation rather than with protection from apoptosis [10]. However, our findings of weak, but regular BCL-2 positivity in AAK (as in normal skin) and significantly increased P53 positivity (p53 mutation) might provide opposite There are no reports about expression of novel proto-oncogene GHR in AK, except our earlier investigation in HAK.…”

“…1A, C and E). Investigated genes were expressed in NS skin layers as previously described [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Actinic cheilitis: histopathology and p53

“…8 Ten consecutive Â400 fields of AC, tumor, and control were selected. 15 The number and percentage of p53-positive cells, the staining intensity (light, moderate, and dark), and the epithelial location (basal and suprabasal) of the positive cells from each positive field were recorded. 16,17 The percentage of p53-positive cells was compared with the staining intensity, the epithelial location of the p53 staining, and the histopathological characteristics of the AC.…”

Effect of ingenol mebutate on actinic keratosis in a Korean population: A prospective clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological study from a single center

“…Therefore, AK may transform into invasive SCC in approximately 10% of the cases. 1 In addition, 72% of SCC were found to be contiguous with AK. 2 Actinic keratosis are most commonly diagnosed based on their clinical appearance because biopsy was considered invasive in the presence of multiple lesions.…”

“…3 However, AK and SCC often share common clinical features, causing difficulty in their differential diagnosis. 1,[4][5][6] Therefore, a histopathological and dermoscopic analysis will act as an effective aid in the clinical diagnosis, specifying the diagnosis of AK. Although the probability of a single AK lesion transforming into an SCC may be as low as approximately 10%, it is still recommended to treat the lesion completely at an early stage.…”