Advances in the use of CO₂as a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of polymers

Abstract

The most relevant approaches to the construction of polymers by exploiting carbon dioxide as a renewable C1 feedstock are highlighted.

Synthesis of Bio‐Based Cyclic Carbonates Using a Bio‐Based Hydrogen Bond Donor: Application of Ascorbic Acid to the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Oleochemicals

“…However, the cycloaddition of CO 2 to internal di‐ and tri‐substituted epoxides remains challenging because of intrinsically higher steric demand . The latter process is particularly attractive for the exploitation and valorization of industrially attractive bio‐derived epoxides produced from naturally available olefins such as unsaturated fatty acids and terpenes and, more in general, for the synthesis of internal cyclic carbonates as precursors of NIPUs . Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium halide salts are active species for the cycloaddition of CO 2 to EFAEs and other internal epoxides.…”

Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants

“…The use of CO 2 as a resource in organic chemistry and also, in particular, its copolymerization with epoxides is a topic of high current interest. The process itself has been known for over 40 years but has seen substantial catalytic improvements in recent years . Application of such synthetic schemes, for instance, led to the formation of nanostructures from CO 2 ‐based polycarbonates or functional copolymers based on CO 2 and glycidyl ethers …”

“…The processi tself has been known for over 40 years but has seen substantial catalytic improvements in recent years. [6][7][8][9] Application of such synthetic schemes,f or instance, led to the formationo fn anostructures from CO 2based polycarbonates [10] or functional copolymers based on CO 2 and glycidyl ethers. [11] In our case, CO 2 -modified surfactants were obtainedb ya double metal cyanide( DMC)-catalyzed copolymerization of a mixture of EO and CO 2 with am onofunctional alkanol as starting unit [12,13] (here:d odecanol).…”

Hybrid polyhydroxyurethanes: How to overcome limitations and reach cutting edge properties?

“…As a renewable feedstock for polymer synthesis, several reviews presented CO2 as a top value product in cyclic carbonate and PHUs synthesis. [24][25][26][27][28] To optimize the reaction conditions and to access to the desired properties, many researches have focused on the understanding of the key parameters of the aminolysis of cyclic carbonates. For example, the group of Endo deeply investigated the kinetic parameters of this reaction.…”