Advances in Tuberculosis: Diagnostics

Singh, Varinder; Kabra, S. K.

doi:10.1007/s12098-019-02942-3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Tuberculosis (TB) has always been a global concern because of its high morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries and, more so, in countries like India. The incidence of tuberculosis ranges from 9 to 11 million people worldwide, comprising 5.8 million men, 3.2 million women, and nearly a million children [ 1 ]. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the airborne disease TB, which typically affects the lungs and results in severe coughing, fever, and chest pains [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Biochemical and Hematological Profiles in Patients of Extrapulmonary and Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Center

Shyama¹,

Ojha²,

Biswas³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global concern, especially in countries like India. Pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) differ a lot when it comes to presentations, treatment, and outcomes. The biochemical and hematological test can serve as a marker reflecting the response to treatment in various types of TB, resulting in a better prognosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the biochemical and hematological profiles in patients of extrapulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children. MethodsTB cases were divided into four categories: PTB adult, EPTB adult, PTB pediatrics, and EPTB pediatrics. Forty-nine patients in each category were selected, resulting in a total of 196 patients. The sample size was met via convenience sampling. A total of 27 parameters were compared. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. ResultsIt was observed that serum calcium levels in PTB cases (11.65, 1.15; median and inter-quartile range (IQR), respectively) were significantly different from those in EPTB cases (9.18, 1.03; p<0.001). The median serum sodium levels in EPTB cases (139.49, 6.86) were higher than in PTB cases (130.10, 5.77; p<0.001). For total platelet count levels, a significant difference was observed between PTB (337.00, 180.75) and EPTB cases (278, 159.25; p=0.006). In EPTB cases, the total red blood count (RBC) count levels (4.47, 0.96) were higher than in PTB cases (4.24, 0.89; p=0.036). Biochemical and hematological parameters between pediatrics and adult age groups were compared, and it was observed that the median values (IQR) of serum phosphorus, total white blood cells (WBC), and platelet count in pediatric cases were 5.16 (1.09), 14.75 (6.03), and 350.00 (155.75), respectively, and were higher from those in adult cases 3.78 (0.97); 8.35 (6.66) and 264 (181.5), respectively (p<0.001). For serum creatinine levels, a significant rise was observed between PTB 0.54 (0.19) and EPTB cases 0.57 (0.16) (p<0.001). It was also observed that alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were higher in adults (18.90 (17.83)) than in the pediatric age group (24.70 (28.67); p=0.042) while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was higher in the pediatric age group (108.95 (78.37)) than in adults (94.25 (47.92); p=0.003). ConclusionSerum calcium levels and total WBC counts were higher in PTB cases, while the levels of serum sodium and total RBC counts were higher in EPTB cases. ALT, serum phosphorus, total WBC counts, and total platelet counts were higher in the pediatric age group, while ALP, serum urea, and creatinine levels were higher in adults. Increased tissue damage and severity of disease in the pediatric age group, reactive thrombocytosis due to biogenesis in lungs, and abnormal anti-diuretic hormone secretion in PTB cases may be possible explanations for these findings. These findings may help clinicians in the early identification of potential complications, and further studies on these parameters should be conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Biochemical and Hematological Profiles in Patients of Extrapulmonary and Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Center

Shyama¹,

Ojha²,

Biswas³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…To understand the actual tuberculosis burden situation, the burden sometimes needs to be determined in terms of incidence per capita rather than by use of absolute number to enable comparisons with other regions [32]. Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is a challenge due to the pauci-bacillary nature of infection and the difficulty in obtaining appropriate sample [33].…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Tuberculosis and Worldwide Steps to Combat TB Including Awareness Programme in India

Bhoyar

Veena

Chandrakantsing

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Objectives of current review is to collate history of Tuberculosis (TB), overview of the current literature on epidemiology, world health organisations (WHO) recent strategic plan to overcome and eliminate TB from the root, and to determine current knowledge gaps for control of TB. This study is a review, a descriptive approach of state-of-science for better treatment strategies for TB. The article finds that to reach to end TB goal, WHO, we have to follow the guideline of who about TB control, along with that the Indian government also maintained awareness program. Current findings on TB suggest that with the development of science and technology, researches being conducted to minimise the drug resistance tuberculosis, as well as WHO sets new strategy to fight against TB, which could potentially change the casual outlook of the people towards their health habits, health issues, and will help them in future to tackle from this deadly killer disease.

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“…It is among the ten critical causes of childhood death globally. About 10 million people are diagnosed with TB worldwide; of those, 1 million are children (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) report shows that nearly 1.3 million deaths were attributed to TB (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in North Shoa, Amhara region, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionAlthough tuberculosis (TB) is one of the significant public health challenges in severely malnourished children throughout the globe, it is a severe issue for countries such as Ethiopia, with significant resource limitations. Few studies have examined the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among children under five years of age with severe acute malnutrition in developing countries, and there is a paucity of data. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in North Shoa, Amhara region, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted between January 20, 2017, and June 20, 2019. The sample size was calculated using STATA, which yields a total of 345 charts that were selected with systematic random sampling. Data entry was performed using Epi-data version 4.2 and analyzed with STATA 14. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to detect the determinants of tuberculosis. The hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval was subsequently calculated. Variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe incidence rate of tuberculosis among children under five years of age with SAM was 4.6 per 100 person-day observations (95% CI: 3.29, 8.9). Predictors of TB were a history of contact with known TB cases [AHR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.8], HIV/AIDS [AHR: 3.71 (95% CI: 2.10, 8.71)], baseline pneumonia [AHR: 2.10 (1.76,12)], not supplying zinc at baseline [AHR: 3.1 (1.91, 4.70)], and failed appetite taste at the diagnosis of SAM [AHR: 2.4 (1.35, 3.82)].ConclusionsIn this study, the incidence rate of TB was high. Not supplying zinc at baseline, failed appetite taste at the diagnosis of SAM, history of contact with known TB cases, and baseline pneumonia were significant predictors of TB. Prioritizing regular TB screenings, nutritional support, and zinc supplementation for under-five children with SAM should be implemented to reduce the risk of TB.

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Advances in Tuberculosis: Diagnostics

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of Biochemical and Hematological Profiles in Patients of Extrapulmonary and Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Center

Comparison of Biochemical and Hematological Profiles in Patients of Extrapulmonary and Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Center

An Overview on Tuberculosis and Worldwide Steps to Combat TB Including Awareness Programme in India

Incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in North Shoa, Amhara region, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

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