Advances in Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Processing of Noble Metal Nanoparticles—Review

Majerič, Peter; Rudolf, Rebeka

doi:10.3390/ma13163485

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…We found that the wedge formed by the displacement of H 2 was technologically problematic, as H 2 escaping through the tube back into the evaporation zone can cause too rapid a reaction with the precursor compound at a lower temperature, leading to irregular nanostructures with inadequate chemical composition. Such nanoparticles are unusable for many intended applications, as they do not achieve the required properties related to their size and structure [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) is a method of nanoparticle synthesis. Compared to other methods (laser ablation [4], nanoemulsion [5], reduction in liquid [3]) it enables the continuous synthesis of nanoparticles and represents a promising method for their industrial production [6]. The existing USP device (Figure 1) [7], which has three temperature zones, allows for the controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles on a laboratory scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimisation of a Side Inlet for H2 Entry into an Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Device

et al. 2021

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An ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) device consists of an evaporation and two reaction zones of equal length, into which an aerosol with a precursor compound enters, and where nanoparticles are formed in the final stage. As part of this research, we simulated the geometry of a side inlet, where the reaction gas (H2) enters into the reaction tube of the device by using numerical methods. Mixing with the carrier gas (N2) occurs at the entry of the H2. In the initial part, we performed a theoretical calculation with a numerical simulation using ANSYS CFX, while the geometries of the basic and studied models were prepared with Solidworks. The inlet geometry of the H2 included a study of the position and radius of the inlet with respect to the reaction tube of the USP device, as well as a study of the angle and diameter of the inlet. In the simulation, we chose the typical flows of both gases (N2, H2) in the range of 5 L/min to 15 L/min. The results show that the best geometry is with the H2 side inlet at the bottom, which the existing USP device does not allow for. Subsequently, temperature was included in the numerical simulation of the basic geometry with selected gas flows; 150 °C was considered in the evaporation zone and 400 °C was considered in the other two zones—as is the case for Au nanoparticle synthesis. In the final part, we performed an experiment on a USP device by selecting for the input parameters those that, theoretically, were the most appropriate—a constant flow of H2 5 L/min and three different N2 flows (5 L/min, 10 L/min, and 15 L/min). The results of this study show that numerical simulations are a suitable tool for studying the H2 flow in a UPS device, as the obtained results are comparable to the results of experimental tests that showed that an increased flow of N2 can prevent the backflow of H2 effectively, and that a redesign of the inlet geometry is needed to ensure proper mixing. Thus, numerical simulations using the ANSYS CFX package can be used to evaluate the optimal geometry for an H2 side inlet properly, so as to reconstruct the current and improve future USP devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of a Side Inlet for H2 Entry into an Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Device

et al. 2021

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“…They elucidated in detail two USP mechanisms for forming NPs depending on the state of precursor: Droplet-To-Particle (DTP) and Gas-To-Particle (GTP). In contrast to other methods of NPs production, USP is considered a far more cost-effective approach and can be easily scaled up to the industrial level with acceptable productivity in droplet sizes [105] .…”

Section: Nanobiomaterials Synthesis Induced By Physical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials – A critical review

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Lim

et al. 2022

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…AuNPs were produced with a USP device located in Zlatarna Celje d.o.o., Celje, Slovenia. The USP device uses a custom-made ultrasonic generator with a 1.6 MHz ultrasonic transducer LIQUIFOG II (Johnson Matthey Piezo Products GmbH, Redwitz, Germany) as its base [29][30][31]. The ultrasonic generator produces aerosol droplets from the Au precursor, which are transported by carrier gas (N2) into a heating furnace, which is composed of 3 zones.…”

Section: Preparation Of Aunpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Inks for Inkjet Printing on Photo Paper: Complementary Characterisation

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, cost-effective, available, and flexible paper-based electronics play an essential role in the electronics industry. Herein, we present gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a potential raw material for gold inks in the future for such purposes. AuNPs in this research were synthesised using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique from two precursors: gold (III) chloride tetrahydrate and gold (III) acetate. Synthesised AuNPs were collected in a suspension composed of deionised (D.I.) water and the stabiliser polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). AuNPs’ suspensions were subjected to the rotavapor process to obtain gold inks with higher Au concentration (>300 ppm). ICP-MS measurements, the size and shape of AuNPs, ζ-potential, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry measurements, and scanning electron microscop y (SEM) of gold inks were carried out in order to find the optimal printing parameters. In the final stage, the optical contact angle measurements were performed using a set of polar to non-polar liquids, allowing for the determination of the surface free energy of gold inks. Inkjet printing of gold inks as defined stripes on photo paper were tested, based on the characterisation results.

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Advances in Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Processing of Noble Metal Nanoparticles—Review

Cited by 55 publications

References 103 publications

Optimisation of a Side Inlet for H2 Entry into an Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Device

Optimisation of a Side Inlet for H2 Entry into an Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Device

Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials – A critical review

Gold Inks for Inkjet Printing on Photo Paper: Complementary Characterisation

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