Advances in understanding broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in rice

Ke, Yinggen; Deng, Hui; Wang, Shiping

doi:10.1111/tpj.13438

Cited by 74 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Overexpression of OsWAK25 (OS03G0225700) is known to increase susceptibility to R. solani and Cochliobolus miyabeanus , and resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) and Magnaporthe oryzae 59 , whereas its loss of function compromises Xa21-mediated resistance 60, 61 . OsWAK11 has also been shown to regulates copper detoxification 55, 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of premature stop codon in theWall-Associated Kinase 91(OsWAK91) gene confers sheath blight disease resistance in rice

Al-Bader

Meier

Geniza

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23The genetic arms race between pathogen and host plant is a tug of war that has been ongoing for 24 millennia. The "battles" are those of disruption, restoration of signaling and information 25 transmission on a subcellular level. One such battle occurs between rice an important crop that 26 feeds 50% of the world population and the sheath blight disease (SB) caused by the fungus 27 Rhizoctonia solani. It results in 10 30% global yield loss annually and can reach 50% under 28 severe outbreak. Many Receptor like kinases (RLKs) are recruited as soldiers in these battles. 29 Wall Associated Receptor Kinases (WAKs) a subfamily of receptor-like kinases have been 30 shown to play a role in fungal defense. Here we show that rice gene OsWAK91, present in the 31 major SB resistance QTL region on Chromosome 9 is a key component in defense against rice 32 sheath blight. An SNP mutation C/T separates susceptible variety, Cocodrie (CCDR) from the 33 resistant line MCR010277 (MCR). The resistant allele C results in the stop codon loss that 34 results in 68 amino acids longer C terminus carrying longer protein kinase domain and 35 phosphorylation sites. Our genotype and phenotype analysis of the top 20 individuals of the 36 double haploid SB population shows a strong correlation with the SNP. The susceptible allele 37 appears as a recent introduction found in the japonica subspecies reference genome and a 38 majority of the tropical and temperate japonica lines sequenced by the 3000 rice genome project. 39 Multiple US commercial varieties with japonica background carry the susceptible allele and are 40 known for SB susceptibility. This discovery opens the possibility of introducing resistance 41 alleles into high yielding commercial varieties to reduce yield losses incurred by the disease.42 43 103 point. Expression of known genes from each line, at each time point, was compared in a pairwise 104 fashion against the untreated, Day-0 sample for differential gene expression analysis. For CCDR 105 there were 105, 367 and 377 transcripts from 79, 281 and 320 genes at the Day-0 to Day-1, Day-106 0 to Day-3, and Day-0 to Day-5 comparisons, respectively. Whereas, in the MCR line, there 107 were 148 and 597 transcripts from 119 and 443 genes in the Day-0 to Day-3, and Day-0 to Day-5 108 comparisons, while there were no statistically significant differences in expression observed at 109 Day 0 to 1 (Figure-1B). In the Day-0 to Day-3 comparison, 17 common genes were up-regulated 110 in both the CCDR and MCR lines, and one common gene was down-regulated. Similarly, in the 111 6Day 0 to 5 comparison, 63 common genes in the CCDR and MCR lines were up-regulated, while 112 8 genes were down-regulated ( Figure 1B). In the susceptible CCDR line, there was a larger 113 number of differentially-expressed genes at Day-1, and increasing numberson and Day-3, unlike 114

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of premature stop codon in theWall-Associated Kinase 91(OsWAK91) gene confers sheath blight disease resistance in rice

Al-Bader

Meier

Geniza

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Interestingly, various genes involved in BSR have been discovered in crops [197], only a few have been utilized due to consequent yield penalty [35,198] and none of the BSR genes formerly identified, coding for proteins possessing RNA-binding activity by [108,[199][200][201]. However, Zhou X. et al [202] identified broad spectrum resistance Kitaake-1 (bsr-k1) mutant conferring BSR against X. oryzae pvoryzae and Magnaporthe oryzae with no consequent effect on yield in rice.…”

Section: Pals: Emerging Key Players In Broad Spectrum Disease Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense

et al. 2020

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Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it exhibits refined regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The pathway genes are involved in the production of anti-microbial compounds as well as signaling molecules. The engineering in the metabolic pathway has led to a new plant defense system of which various mechanisms have been proposed including salicylic acid and antimicrobial mediated compounds. In recent years, some key players like phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) from the phenylpropanoid pathway are proposed to have broad spectrum disease resistance (BSR) without yield penalties. Now we have more evidence than ever, yet little understanding about the pathway-based genes that orchestrate rapid, coordinated induction of phenylpropanoid defenses in response to microbial attack. It is not astonishing that mutants of pathway regulator genes can show conflicting results. Therefore, precise engineering of the pathway is an interesting strategy to aim at profitably tailored plants. Here, this review portrays the current progress and challenges for phenylpropanoid pathway-based resistance from the current prospective to provide a deeper understanding.

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“…Xoo causes the rice disease bacterial blight, which results in substantial yield losses across Asia 1 . Bacterial blight has been classed as the most serious bacterial disease of rice 2 , with the highest social impact. Epidemics severely affect smallholders: about 70% of farms in India are ~ 0.39 ha (ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic kit for rice blight resistance

et al. 2019

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Blight-resistant rice lines are the most effective solution for bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Key resistance mechanisms involve SWEET genes as susceptibility factors. Bacterial transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors bind to effector-binding elements (EBEs) in SWEET gene promoters and induce SWEET genes. EBE variants that cannot be recognized by TAL effectors abrogate induction, causing resistance. Here we describe a diagnostic kit to enable analysis of bacterial blight in the field and identification of suitable resistant lines. Specifically, we include a SWEET promoter database, RT-PCR primers for detecting SWEET induction, engineered reporter rice lines to visualize SWEET protein accumulation and knockout rice lines to identify virulence mechanisms in bacterial isolates. We also developed CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited Kitaake rice to evaluate the efficacy of EBE mutations in resistance, software to predict the optimal resistance gene set for a specific geographic region, and two resistant 'mega' rice lines that will empower farmers to plant lines that are most likely to resist rice blight.

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Advances in understanding broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in rice

Cited by 74 publications

References 99 publications

Loss of premature stop codon in theWall-Associated Kinase 91(OsWAK91) gene confers sheath blight disease resistance in rice

Loss of premature stop codon in theWall-Associated Kinase 91(OsWAK91) gene confers sheath blight disease resistance in rice

Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense

Diagnostic kit for rice blight resistance

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