Advances in understanding of the mechanism for generation of earthquake thermal precursors detected by satellites

Saraf, A. K.; Rawat, Vineeta; Choudhury, Swapnamita; Dasgupta, Sudipta; Das, Josodhir

doi:10.1016/j.jag.2009.07.003

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Daily OLR anomalies have been investigated in detail for selected Vrancea earthquakes because these can reflect the energy variation in the earth-atmosphere system and record the earthquake thermal anomalies in different time scales over the seismic monitoring field. The same temporal variation of daily mean OLR anomaly, NOAA derived data over the Vrancea area (Figure 9) has been observed for the 30 OLR anomalies covered an extended area described by latitudes 45N-47N and longitudes 25E-27E and were distributed along the fault zone system in the Vrancea region. Since, OLR is dependent on local meteorological parameters, air temperature and humidity (and changes in these variables) may be responsible for the anomalous OLR values associated with the seismic events.…”

Section: Outgoing Longwave Radiation Anomalysupporting

confidence: 75%

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Satellite thermal infrared anomalies associatedwith strong earthquakes in the Vrancea area ofRomania

2015

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Thermal anomalies which are known to be significant precursors of strong earthquakes can be evidenced by spectral thermal infrared (TIR) bands recorded by sensors on board of NOAA-AVHRR and Terra/Aqua-MODIS satellite. In order to locate relevant thermal anomalous variations prior to some strong even moderate earthquakes recorded in Vrancea tectonic active zone in Romania, satellite derived geophysical parameters have been used: land surface temperature (LST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and mean air temperature (AT). Spatiotemporal variations of LST, OLR, and AT before and after three strong earthquakes in Vrancea area (Mw = 7.4, 4 March 1977; Mw = 7.1, 30 August 1986; Mw = 6.9, 30 May 1990) and a moderate earthquake (Mw = 5.9, 27 October 2004) have been analyzed. Anomalous spatio-temporal patterns of these parameters developed a few days up to few weeks before the earthquakes disappeared after the main shocks. Significant increases in land surface temperature, outgoing long-wave radiation, and mean air temperature can be assigned to energy exchange mechanism during earthquake preparatory events. Such preseismic anomalies can be considered to be associated with the thermodynamic, degassing and ionization geochemical processes which seem to be activated due to the increased stress in the ground, and microfracturing of the rocks especially along area's active faults.

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Section: Outgoing Longwave Radiation Anomalysupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Pre-earthquake spatiotemporal thermal anomalies are controlled by various factors such as earthquake moment magnitude and its focal depth, geological setting, topography and land cover. Several observations of such thermal anomalies preceding several major earthquakes in different parts of the world [25,30,31] have been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite thermal infrared anomalies associatedwith strong earthquakes in the Vrancea area ofRomania

2015

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“…Although many scientists have studied the theory of pre-seismic thermal variations (Freund et al, 2007;Pulinets et al, 2006;Saraf et al, 2009), there is still no comprehensive and widely accepted geophysical explanation for thermal changes prior to seismic activity. To get rid of false predictions caused by random noise or by chance coincidence, any earthquake-predicting method (whether short-term or long-term) needs to be evaluated statistically (Kagan, 1997;Geller, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor

Zhang

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.The relationship between variations in surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and marine earthquakes has been a popular subject of recent seismological studies. So far, there are two key problems: how to identify the abnormal SLHF variations from complicated background signals, and how to ensure that the anomaly results from an earthquake. In this paper, we proposed four adjustable parameters for identification, classified the relationship and analyzed SLHF changes several months before six marine earthquakes by employing daily SLHF data. Additionally, we also quantitatively evaluate the long-term relationship between earthquakes and SLHF anomalies for the six study areas over a 20 yr period preceding each earthquake. The results suggest the following: (1) before the South Sandwich Islands, Papua, Samoa and Haiti earthquakes, the SLHF variations above their individual background levels have relatively low amplitudes and are difficult to be considered as precursory anomalies; (2) after removing the clustering effect, most of the anomalies prior to these six earthquakes are not temporally related to any earthquake in each study area in time sequence; (3) for each case, apart from Haiti, more than half of the studied earthquakes, which were moderate and even devastating earthquakes (larger than M w = 5.3), had no precursory variations in SLHF; and (4) the correlation between SLHF and seismic activity depends largely on data accuracy and parameter settings. Before any application of SLHF data on earthquake prediction, we suggest that anomaly-identifying standards should be established based on long-term regional analysis to eliminate subjectivity. Furthermore, other factors that may result in SLHF variations should also be carefully considered.

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“…Pre-earthquake spatio-temporal thermal anomalies are controlled by various factors like as earthquake moment magnitude and its focal depth, geological setting, topography and land covers. Have been reported several observations of such thermal anomalies preceding several major earthquakes in different parts of the world [Tronin, 1996;Tronin et al, 2004;Saraf and Choudhury, 2004;Saraf and Choudhury, 2005;Saraf et al, 2009].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake anomalies recognition through satellite and in-situ monitoring data

Zoran

Savastru

Săvăstru

2016

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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Cumulative stress energy in seismic active regions under operating tectonic force manifests various earthquake precursors. For seismic hazard analysis in Vrancea area placed in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania have been selected the earthquake presignals detectable from space: land (LST) and air (AT) surface temperature anomalies, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) provided by time-series satellite NOAA AVHRR and MODIS (Terra/Aqua) data. This study analyzed the presignal anomalies of geophysical parameters for some strong and medium recorded earthquake events in Vrancea geotectonic active

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Advances in understanding of the mechanism for generation of earthquake thermal precursors detected by satellites

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Satellite thermal infrared anomalies associatedwith strong earthquakes in the Vrancea area ofRomania

Satellite thermal infrared anomalies associatedwith strong earthquakes in the Vrancea area ofRomania

A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor

Earthquake anomalies recognition through satellite and in-situ monitoring data

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