Advances in Understanding the Biosynthesis of Fumonisins

Gerber, Ryan; Lou, Lili; Huffman, Justin; Zhu, Xia; Lin, Ting; Li, Lucy; Arreguin, Isis; Butchko, Robert A. E.; Proctor, Robert H.; Du, Liangcheng

doi:10.1021/bk-2009-1031.ch012

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The biochemical and genetic basis of fumonisin biosynthesis is increasingly well understood. Fumonisins are derived from polyketides, the backbone chains of which are elongated through incorporation of acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA via Claisen condensations, followed by a series of condensations, reductions and esterifications that result in the formation of structural analogues within a series (Gerber et al , 2009). In F. verticillioides , fumonisin biosynthetic ( FUM ) genes are physically clustered within the genome and have been studied extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HXK1 regulates carbon catabolism, sporulation, fumonisin B1 production and pathogenesis in Fusarium verticillioides

et al. 2011

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In Fusarium verticillioides, a ubiquitous pathogen of maize, virulence and mycotoxigenesis are regulated in response to the types and amounts of carbohydrates present in maize kernels. In this study, we investigated the role of a putative hexokinase-encoding gene (HXK1) in growth, development and pathogenesis. A deletion mutant (Dhxk1) of HXK1 was not able to grow when supplied with fructose as the sole carbon source, and growth was impaired when glucose, sucrose or maltotriose was provided. Additionally, the Dhxk1 mutant produced unusual swollen hyphae when provided with fructose, but not glucose, as the sole carbon source. Moreover, the Dhxk1 mutant was impaired in fructose uptake, although glucose uptake was unaffected. On maize kernels, the Dhxk1 mutant was substantially less virulent than the wild-type, but virulence on maize stalks was not impaired, possibly indicating a metabolic response to tissue-specific differences in plant carbohydrate content. Finally, disruption of HXK1 had a pronounced effect on fungal metabolites produced during colonization of maize kernels; the Dhxk1 mutant produced approximately 50 % less trehalose and 80 % less fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) than the wild-type. The reduction in trehalose biosynthesis likely explains observations of increased sensitivity to osmotic stress in the Dhxk1 mutant. In summary, this study links early events in carbohydrate sensing and glycolysis to virulence and secondary metabolism in F. verticillioides, and thus provides a new foothold from which the genetic regulatory networks that underlie pathogenesis and mycotoxigenesis can be unravelled and defined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HXK1 regulates carbon catabolism, sporulation, fumonisin B1 production and pathogenesis in Fusarium verticillioides

et al. 2011

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“…Considerable effort has been made to elucidate the biosynthesis of FB 1 from genetic and biochemical perspectives . In F. verticillioides , it is well understood that, after the 18-carbon polyketide synthase (PKS), the FUM 8 gene in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster encodes an α-oxoamine enzyme.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable effort has been made to elucidate the biosynthesis of FB 1 from genetic and biochemical perspectives. 40 In F. verticillioides, it is well understood that, after the 18-carbon polyketide synthase (PKS), the FUM8 gene in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster encodes an α-oxoamine enzyme. This enzyme introduces the amine functionality to FB 1 by catalyzing the condensation of L-alanine to the dimethyl stearoyl molecule attached to PKS by an acyl carrier protein (ACP; see Figure 5, pathway 1a).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insight into the Biosynthesis and Detoxification of Fumonisin Mycotoxins

et al. 2016

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Fumonisins, notably FB1, FB2, FB3, and FB4, are economically important mycotoxins produced by a number Fusarium sp. that occur on corn, rice, and sorghum as well as by Aspergillus sp. on grapes. The fumonisin scaffold is comprised of a C18 polyketide backbone functionalized with two tricarballylic esters and an alanine derived amine. These functional groups contribute to fumonisin's ability to inhibit sphingolipid biosynthesis in animals, plants, and yeasts. We report for the first time the isolation and structure elucidation of two classes of nonaminated fumonisins (FPy and FLa) produced by Aspergillus welwitschiae. Using a Lemna minor (duckweed) bioassay, these new compounds were significantly less toxic in comparison to the fumonisin B mycotoxins, providing new insight into the mechanism of fumonisin toxicity. Time course fermentations monitoring the production of FB4, FPy4, and FLa4, as well as (13)C and (15)N stable isotope incorporation, suggest a novel postbiosynthetic oxidative deamination process for fumonisins. This pathway was further supported by a feeding study with FB1, a fumonisin not produced by Aspergillus sp., which resulted in its transformation to FPy1. This study demonstrates that Aspergillus have the ability to produce enzymes that could be used for fumonisin detoxification.

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“…A cluster of 17 genes required for fumonisin biosynthesis and regulation was identified in Fusarium using heterologous expression which include: FUM1 , FUM6–8 , FUM3 ( FUM9 ), FUM10–11 , FUM2 ( FUM12 ), FUM13–19 , FUM 20–21 . 138 These genes can be categorized into four different groups: (a) backbone gene encoding the dimethylated polyketide that undergoes condensation with alanine (PKS FUM1 and aminotransferase FUM8 ), (b) decorating post-PKS steps of biosynthesis ( FUM3 ( FUM9 ), FUM2 ( FUM12 ), FUM6 , FUM13 , FUM7 , FUM10 , FUM14 ), (c) regulatory genes or transcription factors ( FUM21 ) and (d) unassigned or non-essential genes ( FUM11 , FUM19 , FUM15-18 and FUM20 ). In the B series fumonisins that consist of a linear 20-carbon backbone, the biosynthetic pathway starts with linear dimethylated polyketide formation (C3–C20), followed by the polyketide condensation with alanine (C1–C2), and finally by carbonyl reduction, oxygenation and esterification with two propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acids.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolites and Their Biosynthetic Pathway From As...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…137 In addition, the absence of FUM11 , 16 , 17 , and 18 in A. niger also supports the hypothesis that these genes are not essential for fumonisin production. 138 In contrast, the BGC in A. niger includes a short-chain of dehydrogenase gene (designated here as sdr1 ) that is not present in the Fusarium cluster for which the function has yet to be characterized.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolites and Their Biosynthetic Pathway From As...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of secondary metabolite pathways linked to their related biosynthetic gene clusters in Aspergillus section Nigri

et al. 2023

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Advances in Understanding the Biosynthesis of Fumonisins

Cited by 4 publications

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HXK1 regulates carbon catabolism, sporulation, fumonisin B1 production and pathogenesis in Fusarium verticillioides

HXK1 regulates carbon catabolism, sporulation, fumonisin B1 production and pathogenesis in Fusarium verticillioides

Mechanistic Insight into the Biosynthesis and Detoxification of Fumonisin Mycotoxins

Current status of secondary metabolite pathways linked to their related biosynthetic gene clusters in Aspergillus section Nigri

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