Advances in Yield Calibration of Scintillators

Abstract

Abstract-By means of a photomultiplier tube, a Si-photodiode, and a Si-avalanche photodiode, the absolute scintillation yield of recently developed LaBr 3 :Ce, LaCl 3 :Ce, and (Lu Y) 2 SiO 5 :Ce scintillators and traditional Lu 2 SiO 5 :Ce, Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 , NaI:Tl CsI:Tl, and CsI:Na scintillators were determined. These are all well known scintillators that cover emission wavelengths from 250 nm to 750 nm. By comparing the scintillation yield independently measured with the three different photon detectors reliable yield values are obtained.

Nonproportional scintillation response of NaI:Tl to low energy x-ray photons and electrons

“…The NaI:Tl assembly plus PMT entrance window was covered with several layers of ultraviolet reflecting Teflon tape ͑PFTE tape͒ forming an "umbrella" configuration. 21 Scintillation photons reflected from the photocathode are then reflected back by the umbrella thus enhancing detection efficiency. All measurements were carried out at room temperature and repeated several times.…”

33000 photons per MeV from mixed (Lu_075Y_025)_3Al_5O_12:Pr scintillator crystals

“…Based on the photopeak positions, the numbers of photoelectrons released from the photocathode per 1 MeV of energy deposited in the crystal were calculated. Subsequently, the values of scintillation yield were estimated following the approach of de Haas and Dorenbos [10]. Representative samples of LuAG:Pr and LuYAG:Pr were also tested with an "enhanced" setup [11] equipped with a Hamamatsu R1791 PMT, which was more dedicated to gamma spectroscopy than R2059.…”

Improvement of γ-ray energy resolution of LaBr3:Ce3+ scintillation detectors by Sr2+ and Ca2+ co-doping

“…The method and equipment used for avalanche photodiode (APD) readout was the same as reported in Ref. 8. An electronic shaping time of 2 ls was used.…”