Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments

Abstract

Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more sensitive and effective diagnosis and therapeutic methods for cancer treatments. The development of new cancer treatments has become a crucial aspect of medical advancements. Nanobots, as one of the most promising applications of nanomedicines, are at the forefront of multidisciplinary research. With the progress of nanotechnology, nanobots enable the assembly and deployment of functional molecular/nanosized machines and are increasingly being utilized in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. In recent years, various practical applications of nanobots for cancer treatments have transitioned from theory to practice, from in vitro experiments to in vivo applications. In this paper, we review and analyze the recent advancements of nanobots in cancer treatments, with a particular emphasis on their key fundamental features and their applications in drug delivery, tumor sensing and diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, and other comprehensive treatments. At the same time, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities for nanobots in revolutionizing cancer treatments. In the future, medical nanobots are expected to become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines in the bloodstream. Graphical abstract

Revolutionizing targeting precision: microfluidics-enabled smart microcapsules for tailored delivery and controlled release

“…188 It is noteworthy that micro/nanorobots driven by magnetic are the most promising systems for targeting delivery given their capacity for remote, precise, and non-invasive maneuvering. 191,192 As shown in Fig. 7(d), by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into the PEGDA and poly(ether imide) prepolymer solution, microrobots with precise magneto-collective control were fabricated.…”

Nanomedicine Targeting Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunity

“…Micro/nanorobotic systems, known for their mobility, offer enhanced tissue penetration and accurate access to tumor sites, demonstrating clinical application potential. [135,148] Meanwhile, PROTACs, a novel targeted therapy, recruit specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, ensuring high selectivity and minimal off-target effects. [136] This strategy ensures not only high selectivity and minimal off-target effects, but also presents a potential solution to resistance issues often encountered with traditional enzyme inhibitors.…”

Nanomaterials for Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutic Interventions in Modern Healthcare

“…The ponder talks about the integration of sensor advances into contact focal points for real-time observing of visual parameters, clearing the way for early location and administration of eye conditions. Kong et al [13] give a broad outline of therapeutic nanorobots and their potential applications in future cancer medicines. The study investigates the advancements in nanorobotics focused on medication conveyance, imaging, and helpful mediations, advertising a cutting-edge point of view on the part of nanotechnology in revolutionizing cancer care.…”