Advances of nanotechnology in osteochondral regeneration

Abstract

In the past few decades, nanotechnology has proven to be one of the most powerful engineering strategies. The nanotechnologies for osteochondral tissue engineering aim to restore the anatomical structures and physiological functions of cartilage, subchondral bone, and osteochondral interface. As subchondral bone and articular cartilage have different anatomical structures and the physiological functions, complete healing of osteochondral defects remains a great challenge. Considering the limitation of articular cartilage to self‐healing and the complexity of osteochondral tissue, osteochondral defects are in urgently need for new therapeutic strategies. This review article will concentrate on the most recent advancements of nanotechnologies, which facilitates chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation for osteochondral regeneration. Moreover, this review will also discuss the current strategies and physiological challenges for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue. Specifically, we will summarize the latest developments of nanobased scaffolds for simultaneously regenerating subchondral bone and articular cartilage tissues. Additionally, perspectives of nanotechnology in osteochondral tissue engineering will be highlighted. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest trends in cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration, paving the way for nanotechnologies in osteochondral tissue engineering. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement

Application of nanomaterials in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

“…The nanotechnology has been applied in many elds such as chemistry, biology, materials science, engineering and medicine. [16][17][18] In medicine eld, its main advantage is that it can increase the solubility of water-insoluble drugs, increase the surface area and surface interaction, thereby increasing the dissolution rate. It can also prolong the circulating half-life of the drug in the body, sustain to release the drug, target drug delivery, and reduce systemic side effects.…”

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote the biological functions and related mechanism of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells and show improved articular cartilage regeneration activity in situ

“…Furthermore, the function of most chemokines is relatively simple and does not comprehensively promote the biological function of MSCs. Due to the ability to create a biomimetic cellular environment that promotes cartilage regeneration, the application of nanoengineering systems in AC tissue engineering has attracted extensive attention [ [38] , [39] , [40] ]. The role and prospects of tFNAs, promising nanomaterials, in the field of biomedicine have been widely demonstrated [ 24 ].…”

Stem Cell Technology in Regenerative Medicines and Cancer Treatment: Towards Revolution in Clinical Success

“…Biodegradable nanoparticles including chondroitin sulfate, collagen, PLA, PLGA, polycaprolactone, and HA whereas mesoporous silicon dioxide, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, lipids, and SPIOs fall into the nondegradable nanoparticles class. These nanotechnological materials are used in osteochondral regeneration [83]. Cell reprogramming along with grammatical advances in biomaterial and macro or nanoparticles is a decisive tool in the engineering of stem cells fate, regenerative medicines, disease modeling, drug and gene delivery.…”