Advances on Cr and Ni Electrodeposition for Industrial Applications—A Review

Abstract

Electrodeposition of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) and their alloys have been subjects of interest for a long time. Owing to their special features such as high corrosion resistance, good wear resistance, lustrous nature etc., Cr and Ni electrodeposit continue to be the subject of investigation and further development, and improvements in their qualities and application remain one of the aims. This paper reviews the advances made so far in Cr and Ni electrodeposited coatings, with special emphasis on showing the potential of the process for achieving high-quality coatings. Furthermore, this review focuses on the mechanisms involved in Cr and Ni electrodepositions, with the aim of understanding the basis and manipulating the processes to produce coatings with excellent features and high-end usage. The issues encountered in the electrodeposition processes and products, as well as proffered solutions via research and development, were also addressed. Finally, long-term prospects and applications of these coatings were discussed to provide powerful and complementary toolkits for engineering applications while enabling future advances in critical aspects identified.

Development and optimization of trivalent chromium electrodeposit on 304L stainless steel to improve corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environment

“…Generally, the crack formation in Cr coating can be explained by the crystallization mechanism of the electrodeposited Cr. According to the literature [ 3 , 17 , 18 ], the electrodeposition of Cr from a trivalent Cr-bath is commonly linked with low current efficiency, which goes along with a substantially high level of hydrogen evolution. Subsequently, the reduced hydrogen is incorporated into the Cr coatings, and thus, results in the formation of metastable hexagonal chromium hydride (β-Cr).…”

“…Over the years, chromium (Cr) has frequently been utilized as a surface coating in various industrial applications such as general engineering products and automotive industry owing to its magnificent wear resistance, high resistance to heat and corrosion, and low coefficient of friction [ 1 , 2 ]. Based on these advantages, several coating methods have been developed to coat Cr on diverse surfaces, such as physical coating spray, plasma nitriding, electrodeposition, vapor deposition and others [ 3 , 4 ]. Among these methods, electrodeposition stands out because of its flexible and simple approach of producing Cr coatings under normal pressure and room temperature, with advantages of good homogeneity of coating thickness, low cost, and propensity to coat substrates of complex geometrical construct [ 4 ].…”

Ligand-modified eggshells for rapid naked-eye detection and removal of trace level Ni2+ ions

“…1 This metal ion finds versatile applications in various industries, such as electroplating, battery production, medical instrument manufacturing, and food processing equipment manufacturing. [2][3][4][5] It is also utilized as a catalyst in multiple industrial processes. 6 Additionally, nickel plays a substantial role in various biological functions, encompassing treatment of anaemia, red blood cell regeneration, and stimulation of insulin secretion.…”

A Hybrid Graphene-Reinforced Copper Matrix/Multilayer Composite Coating System for High-Load Solid Lubrication

“…24,38,[48][49][50] Another explored route to enhance the tribological performance of copper coatings is to construct copper-metal multilayer structures. Amongst other metals, [51][52][53] nickel is a prominent 3 candidate for such a role. The increased hardness and antiwear performance of nickel are considered to reinforce the mechanical properties of the copper coating by improving its overall load-bearing capacity, whilst allowing for copper to perform as a lubricating medium.…”