Advancing Photoelectrochemical Systems: Unleashing the Remarkable Performance of In : SnO₂/Nd₄In₅S₁₃for Sustainable Energy Applications

Abstract

Neodymium Indium sulphide (Nd4In5S13) photoactive electrode was produced by spin‐coating for photoelectrochemical cell. The photoactive electrode is analysed for its crystalline, structural and elements makeup in addition to its optical and electrical responses. A 56 nm sized orthorhombic crystallite was found and geometrical compact structures were observed. The presence of chief elements with core levels of In3d, Nd4d and S2p were detected. The bandgap energy was found to be 4.1 eV. Electrochemical investigations were performed to evaluate the photoactive efficiency of the electrode. Photo‐cyclic voltammetry present a specific capacitance under illumination to be 570 Fg−1, as contrasting to 481 Fg−1 when in dark. A photocurrent density of 282 mA cm−2 was obtained from photo‐linear sweep voltammetry. It had also been discovered that the transient chronoamperometry provided a photocurrent density of 46.1 mA cm−2. Whereas electrical impedance spectroscopy presented internal resistance (Rs) to be 232 Ω. All scan rates show an increase in the specific capacitance of photo‐electrode when illuminated. The research created an effective photo‐electrode for renewable energy structures. It can be posited that the study presented a pragmatic photoelectrode, which had the potential to be employed in sustainable energy frameworks, including but not limited to photovoltaics, supercapacitors, and photoelectrochemical solar cells.