Advancing theory and application of cognitive research in sport: Using representative tasks to explain and predict skilled anticipation, decision-making, and option-generation behavior

Belling, Patrick K.; Suss, Joel; Ward, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.001

Cited by 44 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although this may be useful for substantiating claims regarding cognitive predictors of performance at this level in these types of domains, it would be highly beneficial to compare the current data with that of a highly-skilled sample. In this cohort, we predict that anticipation skill would contribute more to skilled performance on the soccer recognition test, in line with previous work (e.g., Belling, Suss, & Ward, 2013). Direct comparison between experts and initiates/novices in future work is certainly needed to test this prediction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We learned another important lesson within complex and dynamic domains: Although tools such as the OASSIS may still be the best means of predicting skill among experts (see Belling, Suss, & Ward, 2013), it is important to determine the boundaries for effective use of these tools before applying them to all skill levels. We also acknowledge the limitations of this research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Processes Supporting Recognition in Complex and Dynamic Tasks

Belling

Suss

Ward

2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Previous research has shown that anticipation is one of the best determinants of skill in numerous complex and dynamic domains, such as law enforcement, driving, aviation, surgery, and sport (for a review see Ward, Williams, & Hancock, 2006). Likewise, recognition ability has formed the cornerstone of much of the naturalistic decision making literature for the last 3 decades (e.g., Klein, Calderwood, & Clinton-Cirocco, 1986). In this research, we examined whether skill at anticipating the outcome of a dynamic situation would predict recognition skill, over and above domain-general measures of cognitive ability. We expected that domain-general cognition would account for some of the variance in recognition skill, but that anticipation skill would explain additional, unique variance. Counter to our expectations, anticipation skill did not explain significant unique variance. Instead, only one of the domain-general cognitive measures-spatial ability-was predictive of recognition skill, suggesting that training for improvement in recognition skill should be skill-specific.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Processes Supporting Recognition in Complex and Dynamic Tasks

Belling

Suss

Ward

2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…The ability to "read the game" is crucial in team sports. Expert players can anticipate upcoming moves (Gabbett, Rubinoff, Thorburn & Farrow, 2007;Ward & Williams, 2003;Williams & Davids, 1995), assess game situations (Belling, Suss, & Ward, 2015;Ward, Ericsson, & Williams, 2013), and make decisions accurately and efficiently (Vaeyens, Lenoir, Williams, Mazyn & Philippaerts, 2007). Such perceptual-cognitive skills are amongst the better predictors of skill level in sport (Mann, Williams, Ward & Janelle, 2007;Ward & Williams, 2003).…”

Section: Informational Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have examined skill-based differences in anticipation using a temporal occlusion method in team sports (e.g., Belling et al, 2015;Ward et al, 2013). These studies demonstrated that skill-based differences in the ability to anticipate the outcome of a pattern of play are more apparent when access to situational information is constrained (e.g., occluded earlier in the play sequence).…”

Section: Informational Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipation and Situation-Assessment Skills in Soccer Under Varying Degrees of Informational Constraint

Basevitch

Tenenbaum

Filho

et al. 2020

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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The authors tested the notion that expertise effects would be more noticeable when access to situational information was reduced by occluding (i.e., noncued) or freezing (i.e., cued) the environment under temporal constraints. Using an adaptation of tasks developed by Ward, Ericsson, and Williams, the participants viewed video clips of attacking soccer plays frozen or occluded at 3 temporal points and then generated and prioritized situational options and anticipated the outcome. The high-skill players anticipated the outcomes more accurately, generated fewer task-irrelevant options, and were better at prioritizing task-relevant options than their low-skill counterparts. The anticipation scores were significantly and positively correlated with the option prioritization and task-relevant options generated but not with the total options generated. Counter to the authors’ prediction, larger skill-based option-prioritization differences were observed when the play was frozen than when it was occluded. These results indicate that processing environmental information depends on temporal and contextual conditions.

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“…In many real-life situations, decisions have to be made under limited time, and it is known that adults adapt to time limitation using faster and simpler (Ben Zur & Brenitz, 1981;Payne, Bettmann, & Johnson, 1988), but not necessarily more effective (Belling, Suss, & Ward, 2015) strategies. Recent work has shown that children are ecological learnersthey modify their learning strategies to the characteristics of the task at hand (Horn, Ruggeri, & Pachur, 2016;Nelson, Divjak, Gudmundsdottir, Martignon, & Meder, 2014;Ruggeri & Lombrozo, 2015), and they do so already by age 4 (Ruggeri, Sim, & Xu, 2017).…”

Section: Time-limitation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Icon arrays help younger children's proportional reasoning

Ruggeri

Vagharchakian

2018

British J of Dev Psycho

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We investigated the effects of two context variables, presentation format (icon arrays or numerical frequencies) and time limitation (limited or unlimited time), on the proportional reasoning abilities of children aged 7 and 10 years, as well as adults. Participants had to select, between two sets of tokens, the one that offered the highest likelihood of drawing a gold token, that is, the set of elements with the greater proportion of gold tokens. Results show that participants performed better in the unlimited time condition. Moreover, besides a general developmental improvement in accuracy, our results show that younger children performed better when proportions were presented as icon arrays, whereas older children and adults were similarly accurate in the two presentation format conditions. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? There is a developmental improvement in proportional reasoning accuracy. Icon arrays facilitate reasoning in adults with low numeracy. What does this study add? Participants were more accurate when they were given more time to make the proportional judgement. Younger children's proportional reasoning was more accurate when they were presented with icon arrays. Proportional reasoning abilities correlate with working memory, approximate number system, and subitizing skills.

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Advancing theory and application of cognitive research in sport: Using representative tasks to explain and predict skilled anticipation, decision-making, and option-generation behavior

Abstract: Please cite this article as: Belling, P.K., Suss, J., Ward, P., Advancing theory and application of cognitive research in sport: Using representative tasks to explain and predict skilled anticipation, decision-making, and option-generation behavior,

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Cognitive Processes Supporting Recognition in Complex and Dynamic Tasks

Cognitive Processes Supporting Recognition in Complex and Dynamic Tasks

Anticipation and Situation-Assessment Skills in Soccer Under Varying Degrees of Informational Constraint

Icon arrays help younger children's proportional reasoning

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