Advancing towards constitutive equations for the metal industry via the LEDS theory

Cyclic stress–strain behavior of polycrystalline nickel

“…11 shows an inverse linear relation between average wall spacing and cyclic saturation stress for both low amplitude and high amplitude ranges. This relationship is equivalent to the mesh-length theory of work hardening proposed by Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf [18]. The observed decrease in the average distance between dislocation walls or the average cell diameter with increasing plastic strain amplitude (and saturation stress) is in agreement with previous observations [19].…”

The effect of microstructural characteristics of pearlite on the mechanical properties of hypereutectoid steel

“…However, due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the ferrite and cementite phases, each constituent is subjected to a thermal residual stress during cooling [28,29] and may lead to plastic flow at the interfaces where the stresses are lower than the yield stress. As result of this plastic flow, dislocations are generated at the interfaces and can be related to the dislocation density (ρ) and the plastic strain (ε) by [25,30]:…”

Dislocation arrangements in cyclically deformed Au single crystal

“…Besides the PSBs, the vein also appears in Au single crystal, as shown in Fig. 2(d), the vein as part of the matrix is regularly separated by the channels [15]. The width of both the vein and channel is about 1.4 m. The vein is composed of the dipole with positive-negative dislocations captured with each other [16].…”