“…The benefits of cochlear implantation have been well documented and include better speech perception in quiet and noise (e.g., Parkinson et al, 2002;Tyler et al, 1995Tyler et al, , 2002Waltzman et al, 1999) and an improved quality of life (e.g., Maillet et al, 1995;Summerfield et al, 2006;Vermeire et al, 2005). Research also suggests that bilateral device use through two cochlear implants (CI+CI) or a cochlear implant plus hearing aid in opposite ears (CI+HA) provides important auditory cues to both ears, thus allowing for potential binaural hearing advantages (Armstrong et al, 1997;Ching et al, 2001Ching et al, , 2004Ching et al, , 2005Dorman et al, 2004;Dunn et al, 2005;Litovsky et al, 2006;Luntz et al, 2005;Laszig et al, 2004;Morera et al, 2005;Shallop et al, 1992;Tyler et al, 2002Tyler et al, , 2006Tyler et al, , 2007van Hoesel & Tyler, 2003;Waltzman et al 1992). As shown by Zurek (1993), the advantages of hearing with two ears include binaural summation (or combining the intensity or loudness a signal when presented bilaterally versus monaurally), binaural squelch (or combining inputs from the two ears to improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio), and localization (using differences in time, intensity, and spectrum across ears to compare the location of a sound source in space).…”