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The topicality of the issue of treating chronic diseases of the larynx is beyond dispute. Given the increased load on the vocal apparatus, no downward trend in disease incidence is observed. The percentage of patient visits to an otorhinolaryngologist with complaints of prolonged changes in voice timbre, vocal fatigue, and difficulties with voice control is 7–12%. Chronic productive formations of the larynx account for up to 55–70% of pathologies in the proliferative upper respiratory disease pattern. If not treated promptly, chronic diseases of the larynx can significantly affect a person’s ability to speak, swallow and breathe normally. Today, various methods for surgical treatment of chronic diseases of the larynx are used: both classical cold instruments and high-energy laser systems. The history of laser medicine dates from the late 1960s and is associated with the introduction of a high-intensity device emitting a photon stream in the infrared range into medical practice. The first carbon dioxide lasers were difficult to use (they were large in size and had complex technical settings), but at the same time they showed high resection and coagulation qualities, and it earned them their popularity. Over 3 thousand new laser devices representing a practical interest for laryngeal surgery have appeared on the medical market for more than 60-year period. Despite the fact that fundamental research demonstrates the positive results of phonosurgery with high-power devices, many otolaryngologists continue be in awe of lasers. The article presents the results of the use of traditional devices in phonosurgery for chronic diseases of the larynx and draws conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of high-power devices.
The topicality of the issue of treating chronic diseases of the larynx is beyond dispute. Given the increased load on the vocal apparatus, no downward trend in disease incidence is observed. The percentage of patient visits to an otorhinolaryngologist with complaints of prolonged changes in voice timbre, vocal fatigue, and difficulties with voice control is 7–12%. Chronic productive formations of the larynx account for up to 55–70% of pathologies in the proliferative upper respiratory disease pattern. If not treated promptly, chronic diseases of the larynx can significantly affect a person’s ability to speak, swallow and breathe normally. Today, various methods for surgical treatment of chronic diseases of the larynx are used: both classical cold instruments and high-energy laser systems. The history of laser medicine dates from the late 1960s and is associated with the introduction of a high-intensity device emitting a photon stream in the infrared range into medical practice. The first carbon dioxide lasers were difficult to use (they were large in size and had complex technical settings), but at the same time they showed high resection and coagulation qualities, and it earned them their popularity. Over 3 thousand new laser devices representing a practical interest for laryngeal surgery have appeared on the medical market for more than 60-year period. Despite the fact that fundamental research demonstrates the positive results of phonosurgery with high-power devices, many otolaryngologists continue be in awe of lasers. The article presents the results of the use of traditional devices in phonosurgery for chronic diseases of the larynx and draws conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of high-power devices.
Introduction. This study presents the results of interstitial exposure of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm to biological tissue samples at different pulsed wave power in a constant mode, with a contact method.Aim. To study the interstitial effect of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm on experimental tissue samples in a constant mode at different power.Materials and methods. As an experimental sample, we used biological tissue with a developed vascular structure in the form of pig liver. The source of laser radiation was a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm, with a power range from 0.5 to 4 watts. When working with biological tissue samples, we evaluated their external and internal changes after laser exposure. The exposure time during interstitial exposure was 1 mm/sec with a 20 mm immersion depth of the laser fiber into the fabric. The results of the macro and microscopic picture were evaluated using histological examination and morphometry of the zones of destruction and coagulation necrosis, on a transverse section of the tissue.Results. The results of an experimental study indicate that interstitial laser exposure has a pronounced coagulation effect combined with a cutting effect. The optimal combination of coagulation and cutting effect of exposure, accompanied by visual contractility of the tissue, without excessive carbonation at a power of 3.0 watts.Conclusion. The use of interstitial exposure of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm on experimental tissue samples in a constant mode at different power showed the predominance of the coagulation effect in combination with the cutting effect with a pronounced reduction in tissue volume. Experiments have shown that the power of 3 W is the optimal power of laser exposure in the interstitial method, in which there is a pronounced reduction in the volume of the studied drug without excessive carbonation.
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