Adventure Based Counseling: An Innovation in Counseling

Abstract

Increasingly, Adventure Based Counseling (ABC) is recognized as providing a significant means to help clients. This article describes the outdoor and indoor adventure experience and its relationship to counseling. A conceptual framework of ABC has been developed to provide a better understanding of the process and potential benefits of this approach and to serve as a model for researchers. Counseling theories, educational theories, setting, programming, processing, and transferring client gains to real life are explained as well as the potential psychological, educational, sociological, physical, and spiritual benefits of ABC.

A Meta-Analysis of Adventure Therapy Outcomes and Moderators

“…Adventure therapy is closely related to, or synonymous, with a variety of other terms, including wilderness therapy [3,4], wilderness adventure therapy [5], wilderness experience programs [6], bush adventure therapy [7], adventurebased counselling [8][9][10], outdoor adventure intervention [1], therapeutic camping [11], and outdoor behavioral healthcare [12]. Gass et al [2] suggested that adventure therapy involves prescriptive use of adventure experiences by mental health professionals.…”

Gestión de la información: Implementando las bases para la Investigación Científica desde nuestra experiencia - Information Management: Implementing the foundation for scientific research from our experience

“…Etapas del proceso de la cultura informacional (ALA, 2000, p.20) La (UNESCO, 2008) menciona que para vivir, aprender y trabajar en una sociedad rica en información, y basada en el conocimiento, los estudiantes y docentes deben utilizar con eficacia, la tecnología digital, por lo que, en un contexto educativo eficiente se debe ayudar a los estudiantes a adquirir capacidades para llegar a ser competentes, proceso que se desarrolla en forma progresiva como se presenta en la Figura 1. Las innovaciones pedagógicas son muy importantes, dado que en los últimos años el desarrollo del conocimiento, la ciencia y la tecnología se incrementan considerablemente, de tal modo que las teorías y programas educativos se implementan considerando la realidad en que los programas están desfasados respecto a la realidad, conciencia de la realidad, deseo de adquirir conocimiento y capacidad de cambios (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002;Margalef García & Pareja Roblin, 2008).…”

Wilderness Therapy as a Specialized Competency

“…Both wilderness and adventure theory have developed out of experiential learning theories (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002). The experiential learning process is the foundation of WT, which emphasizes the acquisition of life skills through challenge activities and the transfer of those skills into real life situations (Nadler & Luckner, 1995).…”

“…WT immerses youth in an unfamiliar environment in which they often live with peers, participate in individual and group psychotherapy under licensed professionals, and learn skills that parallel real life struggles with the hope that they will incorporate these new skills into their repertoire when they return to their families (Russell, 2003). Since most therapeutic endeavors work to improve comfort for the client, this aspect makes WT especially distinct in that it utilizes perceived risk in the therapeutic paradigm (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002).…”

“…Within the United States, however, WT can be traced back to 1901 (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002) and has been consistently implemented for nearly 60 years (Mcnamara, 2002). Organized programs such as Outward Bound were introduced in the United States in the 1960s after their inception in Europe in 1941 (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002). For example, Outward Bound (OB) is an international, non-profit, independent educational organization with approximately 40 schools around the world.…”