Adventures in Crystal Growth: Synthesis and Characterization of Single Crystals of Complex Intermetallic Compounds

Phelan, W. Adam; Menard, Melissa C.; Kangas, Michael J.; McCandless, Gregory T.; Drake, Brenton L.; Chan, Julia Y.

doi:10.1021/cm2019873

Cited by 95 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Besides the three structure types mentioned above, there are many additional related structures that exhibit square nets (32,33). Many of them are reported to be topologically non-trivial or to exhibit unusual physical properties (14,32).…”

Section: A Brief History Of Square-net Topological Semimetalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

Klemenz

Lei

Schoop

2019

Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.

128

110

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Many materials crystallize in structure types that feature a square-net of atoms. While these compounds can exhibit many different properties, some members of this family are topological materials. Within the square-net-based topological materials, the observed properties are rich, ranging for example from nodal-line semimetals to a bulk halfinteger quantum Hall effect. Hence, the potential for guided design of topological properties is enormous. Here we provide an overview of the crystallographic and electronic properties of these phases and show how they are linked, with the goal of understanding which square-net materials can be topological, and to predict additional examples. We close the review by discussing the experimentally observed electronic properties in this family. 2 Schoop et al. 6 Schoop et al.

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Section: A Brief History Of Square-net Topological Semimetalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

Klemenz

Lei

Schoop

2019

Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.

128

110

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“…15 Sn-flux methods have been shown to be an excellent medium for discovering new compounds and providing high-quality crystals for property measurements. 16,17 However, the Sn-flux synthesis for Yb 14 MnSb 11 is not ideal for producing large amounts of material for manufacturing thermoelectric devices. In part, this is because large quantities of materials are needed for device applications, and producing sufficient amounts of material with Sn-flux is not feasible.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb₁₄MnSb₁₁ Prepared from Reaction of MnSb with the Elements

et al. 2015

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Compounds of the Yb 14 MnSb 11 structure type are the highest efficiency bulk p-type materials for high temperature thermoelectric applications, with reported figures of merit (ZTs) as high as ∼1.3 at 1275 K. Further optimization of ZT for this structure type is possible with the development of a simple synthetic route. However, this has been difficult to achieve because of the small amount of Mn required compared with Yb and Sb. A simple synthetic route for Yb 14 MnSb 11 has been developed utilizing a combination of ball milling and annealing to produce phase-pure material followed by spark plasma sintering for consolidation. The materials have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction before and after spark plasma sintering. The stoichiometric reaction of Yb, Sb, and MnSb provides phase-pure powder by X-ray diffraction. Upon cycling to temperatures greater than 1272 K, Yb 14 MnSb 11 shows the presence of Yb 11 Sb 10 . Additional samples with 5% and 10% excess Mn were also investigated. Adding 5−10% excess Mn does not change the low temperature properties and improves the high temperature ZT, resulting in a ZT of 1.1−1.2 at 1000 K for Yb 14 Mn 1.05 Sb 11 , 30−40% improvement over that of the Sn flux reaction. The increase in ZT is attributed to optimization of the carrier concentration. These results provide a reliable method of bulk synthesis of this Zintl phase and open the way for discovery of new compounds with potential for even higher ZT.

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“…[2][3][4] Crystal growth and materials exploration from metallic flux were mainly developed in recent years with a major contribution from P. C. Canfield and Z. Fisk. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Compared to the flux growth of oxides which is normally performed in air or flowing gas (O 2 , N 2 , or Ar), growth of intermetallic compounds from metallic flux or salt is more challenging because most intermetallics tend to oxidize in air and some are moisture sensitive, volatile, and/or poisonous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flux growth utilizing the reaction between flux and crucible

Yan

2015

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Flux growth involves dissolving the components of the target compound in an appropriate flux at high temperatures and then crystallizing under supersaturation controlled by cooling or evaporating the flux. A refractory crucible is generally used to contain the high temperature melt. The reaction between the melt and crucible materials can modify the composition of the melt, which typically results in growth failure, or contaminates the crystals. Thus one principle in designing a flux growth is to select suitable flux and crucible materials thus to avoid any reaction between them. In this paper, we review two cases of flux growth in which the reaction between flux and Al2O3 crucible tunes the oxygen content in the melt and helps the crystallization of desired compositions. For the case of La5Pb3O, Al2O3 crucible oxidizes La to form a passivating La2O3 layer which not only prevents further oxidization of La in the melt but also provides [O] to the melt. For the case of La0.4Na0.6Fe2As2, it is believed that the Al2O3 crucible reacts with NaAsO2 and the reaction consumes oxygen in the melt thus maintaining an oxygen-free environment.

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Adventures in Crystal Growth: Synthesis and Characterization of Single Crystals of Complex Intermetallic Compounds

Cited by 95 publications

References 153 publications

Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb₁₄MnSb₁₁ Prepared from Reaction of MnSb with the Elements

Flux growth utilizing the reaction between flux and crucible

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Adventures in Crystal Growth: Synthesis and Characterization of Single Crystals of Complex Intermetallic Compounds

Cited by 95 publications

References 153 publications

Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb14MnSb11 Prepared from Reaction of MnSb with the Elements

Flux growth utilizing the reaction between flux and crucible

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb₁₄MnSb₁₁ Prepared from Reaction of MnSb with the Elements