Adverb form in Middle English

Donner, Morton

doi:10.1080/00138389108598729

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…(Ramisch 1989: 161) Semantics of manner adverb. Semantic factors also condition the zero adverb (Jespersen 1961b;Schibsbye 1965;Donner 1991;Nevalainen , 1994bNevalainen , 1997. It is said to be used more with a concrete or objective sense, as in (36).…”

Section: Distributional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Think really different: Continuity and specialization in the English dual form adverbs

Tagliamonte

Ito

2002

Journal of Sociolinguistics

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This paper analyses variation between -ly and -é in English dual form adverbs by examining conversational data from York, U.K. Using multivariate analysis and the comparative method we assess the constraint ranking, signi®cance and relative importance of external factors (age, sex, education level) and internal factors (lexical identity, function and meaning). The results show that -ly is dominant and has increased dramatically in apparent time. However, crosstabulations with individual lexical items reveal that this correlation with speaker age is restricted to a single item ± really. In conjunction with evidence from the history of English, we suggest that this does not re¯ect ongoing developments in English adverb formation, but is the result of continuous renewal in the encoding of`intensity'. In contrast, separate analysis of the other adverbs shows that variation between -ly and zero is retained in part as a sociosymbolic resource, in particular for marking less educated male speech. Underlying this social meaning however, is a linguistic constraint which operates across all speakers. The zero adverb encodes concrete, objective meaning ± a tendency which can be traced back 650 years or more. This provides yet another example of the interface between social and historical developments in language variation and change.

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Section: Distributional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Think really different: Continuity and specialization in the English dual form adverbs

Tagliamonte

Ito

2002

Journal of Sociolinguistics

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“…4 The formation, the development and the semantic aspects of English adverbs, and particularly those ending in -lī, have beeen studied by many scholars. I will only mention hereSwan (1984Swan ( , 1988,Kjellmer (1984),Guimier (1985),McIntosh (1991),Donner (1991),Nevalainen (1991Nevalainen ( , 1994aNevalainen ( , 1994bNevalainen ( , 1997Nevalainen ( , 2008,Pounder (2001) andKillie (2007). 5 LC texts include four subcorpora: a) English Gylds.…”

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confidence: 98%

Collocations in Law Texts in Late Middle English: Some Evidence Concerning Adverbs Ending in-lī

Iglesias-Rábade

2011

Studia Neophilologica

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The numerous large-scale research projects in progress focusing on the phraseology of modern languages evince the scholarly fascination for word-combinations because of their acknowledged relevance in both theoretical and applied linguistics. The reasons why some words tend to associate with others in a given order and at a given time in the history of a language are still a matter of conjecture. However, it is generally assumed that, whatever the circumstances of mental organisation turn out to be for speakers to associate some words, word-combinations must have ultimately developed in a cultural framework and been more dependent on lingo-cultural domains than on a statistical probability of co-occurrence.The aim of this paper is to study the collocational patterns of adverbs ending in -lī in a legal corpus of late Middle English. The findings will be contrasted with the data from a contemporary corpus of literary works. This literary corpus has been chosen as representative of a language which is supposed to be spoken and understood by lower and upper-middle classes alike by the end of the Middle English period. By comparing the legal corpus with the literary one, I intend to support the idea that the collocational evidence shown in this work also sets legalese apart from other varieties of Middle English.The study of set phrases, of which collocations are a subclass, introduces an interesting scholarly debate about the terminological character of the general categories and subcategories of phraseology. 1 With regard to the general categories of the phraseological system, Mel'čuk (1998: 24-30) uses the terms "set phrases" or "phrasemes" to refer to the total catalogue of word combinations. For Gläser (1998: 126) the whole inventory of idioms and phrases ("phrasicon") of a language is constituted by "phraseological units", whereas Cowie (1998: 5) andHowarth (1996) use the term "word combination". These general categories of the phraseological system may operate either as word-like units, organised at or below the level of the simple sentence, providing a specific semantic role, or as sentence-like units endowed with a pragmatic function. Mel'čuk (1988Mel'čuk ( , 1998 considers that word-like units are "semantic phrasemes", Gläser (1988Gläser ( , 1998 includes them under the term of "nomination", whereas Cowie (1988) calls them "composite" and Howarth (1996) "composite units". In contrast, the sentence-like units are identified as "pragmatemes"

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“…To our knowledge only three linguists have actually concentrated their studies on the meaning of the adverbial suffix -ty: Donner (1991), Chuquet (1990), andGuimier (1986). One other, Greenbaum (1969), studied adverbial usage.…”

Section: Studies On -Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They argue that its addition to a base or stem means not only a change in grammatical category but also a change in meaning in the word base. For example, Donner (1991) argues that -ly "functions primarily as a signal of semantic content rather than systematic function" (5). Hewson (1975) goes even farther and adds that derivation markers "usually bring a change of meaning to a word that may cause a shift in the allocation of the syntactic category" (81).…”

Section: The First Part Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One other, Greenbaum (1969), studied adverbial usage. Donner (1991), studying Middle English adverbial forms, discovered that there was "a substantial body of modal adverbs distinguished by a duality of form in which the suffix [-ty] usually serves to impart a figurative sense to whatever literal meaning the word expresses without one" (1). Since this duality of forms still exists in Modem English, and so does a duality of meaning in some cases, Donner's study deserves careful consideration.…”

Section: Studies On -Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Meaning of the English Adverbial Suffix-ly

Lessard¹

1997

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UIUQAC Mise en garde/AdviceAfin de rendre accessible au plus grand nombre le résultat des travaux de recherche menés par ses étudiants gradués et dans l'esprit des règles qui régissent le dépôt et la diffusion des mémoires et thèses produits dans cette Institution, l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) est fière de rendre accessible une version complète et gratuite de cette oeuvre.Motivated by a desire to make the results of its graduate students' research accessible to all, and in accordance with the rules governing the acceptation and diffusion of dissertations and theses in this Institution, the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) is proud to make a complete version of this work available at no cost to the reader.L'auteur conserve néanmoins la propriété du droit d'auteur qui protège ce mémoire ou cette thèse. Ni le mémoire ou la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de ceux-ci ne peuvent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.The author retains ownership of the copyright of this dissertation or thesis. Neither the dissertation or thesis, nor substantial extracts from it, may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. Il est intéressant de constater que pour nombres de paires adverbiales, l'adverbe en -ly et l'adverbe nu ne peuvent être interchangés, comme c'est le cas pour deep et deeply ci-haut On peut donc penser qu'il existe une différence sémantique entre les deux types d'adverbes, différence que l'on peut probablement attribuer au suffixe.Puisque les suffixes -ly, qu'ils soient adverbial, adjectival ou substantival, sont morphologiquement identiques et qu'ils ont la même racine étymologique, il est possible qu'un lien sémantique pouvant être généralisé à tous les usages du suffixe puisse exister. Si un tel lien existait, cela signifierait donc que -ly ne contribue pas seulement à former des adverbes, comme nombre de grammairiens le prétendent.

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Adverb form in Middle English

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Think really different: Continuity and specialization in the English dual form adverbs

Think really different: Continuity and specialization in the English dual form adverbs

Collocations in Law Texts in Late Middle English: Some Evidence Concerning Adverbs Ending in-lī

The Meaning of the English Adverbial Suffix-ly

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