Adverse Biological Effect of TiO2 and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Used in Bone Repair and Replacement

Abstract

The adverse biological effect of nanoparticles is an unavoidable scientific problem because of their small size and high surface activity. In this review, we focus on nano-hydroxyapatite and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to clarify the potential systemic toxicological effect and cytotoxic response of wear nanoparticles because they are attractive materials for bone implants and are widely investigated to promote the repair and reconstruction of bone. The wear nanoparticles would be prone to binding with proteins to form protein-particle complexes, to interacting with visible components in the blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, and to being phagocytosed by macrophages or fibroblasts to deposit in the local tissue, leading to the formation of fibrous local pseudocapsules. These particles would also be translocated to and disseminated into the main organs such as the lung, liver and spleen via blood circulation. The inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and signaling pathway are elaborated to analyze the potential toxicological mechanism. Inhibition of the oxidative stress response and signaling transduction may be a new therapeutic strategy for wear debris–mediated osteolysis. Developing biomimetic materials with better biocompatibility is our goal for orthopedic implants.

Label-Free Monitoring of Uptake and Toxicity of Endoprosthetic Wear Particles in Human Cell Cultures

“…Wear particles have the ability to induce the secretion of different cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, or TNF-α in monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, osteoblasts, as well as fibroblasts [ 29 ]. In previous studies, we analyzed the biological effects of wear particles and corrosion products in all the mentioned cell types except for fibroblasts [ 19 , 28 ].…”

Strongly Enhancing Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Thin Films by Multi-Heterojunction Technique

“…Three 10 W of Sankyo Denki blacklight lamps with a center wavelength at 352 nm in parallel were used as the UV light sources. The samples were placed at the bottom of the glass cells (50 × 40 × 50 mm 3 internal dimensions) filled with the MB solution of concentrations of 10 −5 mol L −1 with the height of 10 mm. The measured irradiation intensity at the film surface was 0.59 mW cm −2 , which is relatively low compared with others [44,45] in order to prevent the MB diffusion in the solution from becoming a limitation factor for the photocatalysis experiment.…”

“…Titanium dioxide, TiO 2 , is an inexpensive, non-toxic and chemically stable material. Its high refractive index and transparency for visible light have made it a widely used painting material, and its biological properties have made it a promising material for biomedical applications [1][2][3]. Recently, its strong oxidizing power under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation attracts great attention due to the applications of antibacterial, deodorizing, and remediation of environmental pollutions [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Dose Dependencies and Biocompatibility of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles: From Mice to Non‐human Primates

“…While alower level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was found in NP-injected monkeys during 7-90 days p.i.,A LP is aless specific indicator of liver function [18b] and elevated ALP level is often observed after injection of NPs. [21] Parameters of complete blood count remained in anormal range,suggesting that GS-AuNPs did not induce systemic inflammation (Figure S17). Results of blood clotting tests confirmed that GS-AuNPs did not affect the coagulation system ( Figure S18).…”