Adverse birth outcomes and maternal complications in licensed cosmetologists and manicurists in California

Quach, Thu; Behren, Julie Von; Layefsky, Michael; Reynolds, Peggy

doi:10.1007/s00420-014-1011-0

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several studies have indicated potentially harmful exposure levels (Alaves et al 2013; Quach et al 2011; Quach et al 2008; Quach et al 2013; Roelofs et al 2008; Roelofs and Do 2012; Tsigonia et al 2010), e.g., formaldehyde levels exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limits (NIOSH RELs) in 58% of samples collected in a California study (Alaves et al 2013). Adverse health effects observed among NSTs include asthma, dermatitis, and neurological symptoms (Quach et al 2014; Roelofs et al 2008). In addition, some VOCs can form less volatile carbonyls, acids, and oxygenated products that may condense to form secondary organic aerosols that may affect health (Goldin et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOC sources and exposures in nail salons: a pilot study in Michigan, USA

Zhong

Batterman

Milando

2018

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Purpose Exposures of nail salon technicians have received attention due to the potentially toxic materials used in nail products, which include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde and methyl methacrylate (MMA). This study characterized area and personal concentrations and other indoor air parameters in 17 nail salons in fall and winter seasons in three areas of Michigan. Methods VOC samples were analyzed using thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, and the VOC composition of 35 nail products (e.g., polish, top coat, base coat) was measured using headspace sampling. Ventilation rates were derived using CO2 concentrations, occupancy and building information, and VOC sources were apportioned by a novel application of chemical mass balance models. Results We detected ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, MMA, n-heptane and toluene in most salons, and benzene, d-limonene, formaldehyde, and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) in some salons. While MMA was not measured in the consumer and professional products, and the use of pure MMA in salons has been not been permitted since the 1970’s, MMA was found in air at concentrations from 100 to 36,000 μg/m3 in 15 of 17 salons; thus, its use appears to be commonplace in the industry. Personal measurements, representing exposures to workers and clients, were about twice those of the area measurements for many VOCs. Conclusion This study identifies the products responsible for emissions, shows the widespread presence of MMA, and documents low ventilation rates in some salons. It also demonstrates that “informal” short-term sampling approaches can evaluate chemical exposures in nail salons, providing measurements that can be used to protect a potentially susceptible and vulnerable population. Additional controls, including restrictions on the VOC compositions and improved ventilation, can reduce exposures to salon workers and clients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOC sources and exposures in nail salons: a pilot study in Michigan, USA

Zhong

Batterman

Milando

2018

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…Hairdressers can be exposed to a variety of chemicals on a daily basis, due to their use of hair products, shampoos, permanent wave solutions, hair dyes, and hair sprays (Labrèche et al 2003 ; Jung et al 2014 ). Reproductive toxic effects have been reported for some of these agents (Rylander et al 2002 ; Rylander and Källén 2005 ; Pak et al 2013 ; Quach et al 2014 ), including selenium, some dye formulations, and lead acetate (in animals), in addition to organic solvents, nitrosamines, formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate, ethylene glycol ethers, and hexachlorophene (in human patients).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive disorders among cosmetologists and hairdressers: a meta-analysis

Kim

Kang

Choi³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Purpose Occupational risks for reproductive disorders among hairdressers and cosmetologists have been examined in numerous epidemiological studies, although the results of those studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to evaluate the risks of reproductive disorders among cosmetologists and hairdressers.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, as well as the reference lists of relevant publications, to identify studies for our analysis. After careful consideration, 19 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. We also performed systematic evaluations of publication bias, heterogeneity, and publication quality.ResultsStudy-specific odds ratios (ORs) were weighted using the inverse of their variance to calculate fixed- and random-effect pooled estimates. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly increased risk of infertility (OR 1.15, 95 % CI 1.03–1.28), fetal death (OR 1.14, 95 % CI 1.04–1.24), and preterm delivery (OR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.00–1.07) among hairdressers and cosmetologists.ConclusionThese findings indicate that hairdressers and cosmetologists have a higher risk of reproductive disorders, compared to the general population.

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“…A few studies have examined possible respiratory, dermal, neurological, and reproductive health outcomes in nail technicians. [22][23][24][25][26] Negative health risks identified are the same as those typically associated with VOC exposure. [27][28][29] Because most of these epidemiological studies relied on self-reported measures of exposure such as job title or number of nail procedures, negative health outcomes cannot be confidently related to the actual exposures.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…A few studies have examined possible respiratory, dermal, neurological, and reproductive health outcomes in nail technicians . Negative health risks identified are the same as those typically associated with VOC exposure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and environmental exposure monitoring of volatile organic compounds among nail technicians in the Greater Boston area

Ceballos

Craig

et al. 2019

Indoor Air

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Nail technicians are exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from nail products, but no studies have previously measured VOC biomarkers for these workers. This study of 10 nail technicians aimed to identify VOCs in nail salons and explore relationships between air concentrations and biomarkers. Personal and area air samples were collected using thermal desorption tubes during a work shift and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 71 VOCs. Whole blood samples were collected pre‐shift and post‐shift, and analyzed using GC/MS for 43 VOCs. Ventilation rates were determined using continuous CO2 measurements. Predominant air VOC levels were ethyl methacrylate (median 240 µg/m3), methyl methacrylate (median 205 µg/m3), toluene (median 100 µg/m3), and ethyl acetate (median 639 µg/m3). Blood levels were significantly higher post‐shift than pre‐shift for toluene (median pre‐shift 0.158 µg/L and post‐shift 0.360 µg/L) and ethyl acetate (median pre‐shift <0.158 µg/L and post‐shift 0.510 µg/L); methacrylates were not measured in blood because of their instability. Based on VOCs measured in these seven nail salons, we estimated that emissions from Greater Boston area nail salons may contribute to ambient VOCs. Ventilation rates did not always meet the ASHRAE guideline for nail salons. There is a need for changes in nail product formulation and better ventilation to reduce VOC occupational exposures.

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Adverse birth outcomes and maternal complications in licensed cosmetologists and manicurists in California

Abstract: Women in the nail and hair care industry may be potentially at increased risk for some maternal complications, although further research is warranted. Vietnamese workers may also have increased risk for SGA.

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

VOC sources and exposures in nail salons: a pilot study in Michigan, USA

VOC sources and exposures in nail salons: a pilot study in Michigan, USA

Reproductive disorders among cosmetologists and hairdressers: a meta-analysis

Biological and environmental exposure monitoring of volatile organic compounds among nail technicians in the Greater Boston area

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