Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in Wales and their Impact on Health in the Adult Population

Ma, Bo; Ashton, Kathryn; Hughes, Karen; Ford, Kat; Bishop, Joan; Paranjothy, Shantini

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckw167.009

Cited by 67 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…This vast array of data, considered together, resulted in a higher prevalence of many ACEs than is seen in some other studies. For example, in the Welsh ACE study, one in seven participants reported 4 or more ACEs [34], compared with one in four in ALSPAC. Studies using a single retrospective questionnaire may be underestimating the prevalence of ACEs.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: A prospective cohort study in the UK

et al. 2020

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Background Experiencing multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a risk factor for many adverse outcomes. We explore associations of ACEs with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors in these associations. Methods and findings Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective cohort of children born in southwest England in 1991-1992, we assess associations of ACEs between birth and 16 years (sexual, physical, or emotional abuse; emotional neglect; parental substance abuse; parental mental illness or suicide attempt; violence between parents; parental separation; bullying; and parental criminal conviction, with data collected on multiple occasions between birth and age 16) with educational attainment at 16 years (n = 9,959) and health at age 17 years (depression, obesity, harmful alcohol use, smoking, and illicit drug use; n = 4,917). We explore the extent to which associations are robust to adjustment for family and socioeconomic factors (home ownership, mother and partner's highest educational qualification, household social class, parity, child's ethnicity, mother's age, mother's marital status, mother's depression score at 18 and 32 weeks gestation, and mother's partner's depression score at 18 weeks gestation) and whether associations differ according to socioeconomic factors, and we estimate the proportion of adverse educational and health outcomes attributable to ACEs or family or socioeconomic measures. Among the 9,959 participants (49.5% female) included in analysis of educational outcomes, 84% reported at least one ACE, 24% reported 4 or more ACEs, and 54.5% received 5 or more General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs) at grade C or above, including English and Maths. Among the 4,917 participants (50.1% female) included in analysis of

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Section: Prevalence Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: A prospective cohort study in the UK

et al. 2020

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“…The ACE tool has been validated as a reliable tool for the retrospective assessment of ACEs (Meinck et al 2016). In line with previous studies (Bellis et al 2015;Felitti et al 1998), the number of ACEs reported by participants was summed (possible range 0-11 ACEs) and categorised into an ACE count variable (0 ACEs, 1 ACE, 2-3 ACEs, and ≥ 4 ACEs).…”

Section: Questionnaire / Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population

et al. 2020

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Background: Prisoners are at increased risk of poor mental health and self-harming behaviours, with suicide being the leading cause of death in custody. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as child maltreatment are strong predictors of poor mental health and wellbeing yet despite high levels of ACEs in offender populations, relatively few studies have explored the relationships between ACEs and prisoners' mental health and wellbeing. We conducted an ACE survey with 468 male adult prisoners in a Welsh prison who were not currently considered to be at risk of self-harm and suicide and explored relationships between ACEs, lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm (lifetime and lifetime in prison) or suicide attempt (lifetime and lifetime in prison), and current low mental wellbeing. Results: Most participants (84.2%) had suffered at least one ACE and 45.5% had suffered ≥4 ACEs. Prevalence of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm (lifetime and lifetime in prison) or suicide attempt (lifetime and lifetime in prison), and current low mental wellbeing increased with exposure to ACEs. For example, 2.7% of those with no ACEs reported lifetime self-harm or suicide attempt in prison compared with 31.0% (self-harm in prison) and 18.3% (suicide attempt in prison) of those with ≥4 ACEs. Compared with participants with no ACEs, those with ≥4 ACEs were four times more likely to report lifetime mental illness diagnosis and suicide attempt, and over 10 times more likely to report lifetime self-harm than those with no ACEs. Independent of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, selfharm or suicide attempt, participants with ≥4 ACEs were almost three times more likely to have current low mental wellbeing than those with no ACEs.

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“…In part this may be because of the complex and conflicting accounts of family's relation to civil society: some argue that the family should be seen as separate from, and perhaps even antithetical, to civil society (e.g., Pateman, 1980), whilst others give it a central role (e.g., Carter, 1999;Cohen & Arato, 1994;Eberly, 2000). Similarly, whilst there are significant bodies of work seeking to re-dress the intergenerational transmission of undesirable traitsfor example substance abuse, violence, smoking and poor diet (Bellis et al, 2015) and to undermine the social reproduction of class-based advantage (e.g., Ball, 2003), analysis of how the family could act as a benign source of civil society engagement and activism is presently underdeveloped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young people, family relationships and civic participation

Muddiman

Taylor

Power

et al. 2018

Journal of Civil Society

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This article examines young people's civic participation and the extent to which this is influenced by the family. Although literature on young people's civic participation is abundant, the role of the family in influencing this participation is largely absent. Drawing on survey data collected from 976 young people aged 13-14 in South Wales, we outline the extent and nature of civic participation and how this varies according to relationships with parents and grandparents. Our data show that relationships with mothers and grandparents are particularly important in young people's accounts of their participation, suggesting that family is far more important in developing a propensity for engagement in civil society than is commonly understood.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in Wales and their Impact on Health in the Adult Population

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: A prospective cohort study in the UK

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: A prospective cohort study in the UK

Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population

Young people, family relationships and civic participation

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